A Temperature-Robust Envelope Detector Receiving OOK-Modulated Signals for Low-Power Applications

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-09, Vol.24 (19), p.6369
• Main Authors: Elgani, Alessia Maria, D'Addato, Matteo, Perilli, Luca, Franchi Scarselli, Eleonora, Gnudi, Antonio, Canegallo, Roberto, Ricotti, Giulio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Architecture; Communication; Design and construction; Detectors; Digitization; Diodes; Electronic circuits; Engineering research; envelope detector; Equipment and supplies; Internet of Things; Signal processing; Temperature; temperature compensation; Temperature control; ultra-low-power; wake-up receivers (WuRXs); Wireless sensor networks
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s24196369

This paper presents a passive Envelope Detector (ED) to be used for reception of OOK-modulated signals, such as in Wake-Up Receivers employed within Wireless Sensor Networks, widely used in the IoT. The main goal is implementing a temperature compensation mechanism in order to keep the passive ED input resistance roughly constant over temperature, making it a constant load for the preceding matching network and ultimately keeping the overall receiving chain sensitivity constant over temperature. The proposed ED was designed using STMicroelectronics 90 nm CMOS technology to receive 1 kbps OOK-modulated packets with a 433 MHz carrier frequency and a 0.6 V supply. The use of a block featuring a Proportional-to-Absolute Temperature (PTAT) current yields a 5 dB reduction in sensitivity temperature variation across the -40 °C to 120 °C range. Moreover, two different implementations were compared, one targeting minimal mismatch and the other one targeting minimal area. The minimal area version appears to be better in terms of estimated overall chain sensitivity at all temperatures despite a higher sensitivity spread.