Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Conditions Followed by Solid Phase Extraction Fractionation from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (Lamiace) Leaves for Antiproliferative Effect on Prostate Cancer Cells

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-11, Vol.24 (22), p.4183
• Main Authors: Suhaimi, Siti Hasyimah, Hasham, Rosnani, Hafiz Idris, Mohamad Khairul, Ismail, Hassan Fahmi, Mohd Ariffin, Nor Hazwani, Abdul Majid, Fadzilah Adibah
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetonitrile; Acids; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - isolation & purification; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - pharmacology; antioxidant activity; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - isolation & purification; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Antiproliferatives; Apoptosis; Breast cancer; Cancer therapies; Cavitation; Cell Line, Tumor; central composite design; Chemotherapy; Cinnamates - isolation & purification; Depsides - isolation & purification; Efficiency; Ethanol; Fractionation; Humans; Male; Models, Chemical; Optimization; Orthosiphon - chemistry; orthospihon stamineus; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Polarity; Prostate cancer; Prostatic Neoplasms - drug therapy; Response surface methodology; Rosmarinic Acid; Solid Phase Extraction; Solid phases; Solvents; Ultrasonic imaging; Ultrasonics; Ultrasound; ultrasound-assisted extraction
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224183

Primarily, optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of was evaluated and verified using a central composite design (CCD) based on three factors including extraction time (minutes), ultrasound amplitude (A), and solvent concentration (%). The response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to develop an extraction method with maximum yield and high rosmarinic acid content. The optimal UAE conditions were as follows: extraction time 21 min, ultrasound amplitudes 62 A, and solvent composition 70% ethanol in water. The crude extract was further fractionated using solid-phase extraction (SPE), where six sequential fractions that varied in polarity (0-100% Acetonitrile in water) were obtained. Next, the six fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. This study found that Fraction 2 (F2) contained the highest rosmarinic acid content and showed the strongest antioxidant activity. Additionally, F2 showed an anti-proliferative effect against prostate cancer (DU145) with no harmful effect on normal cells.