Pathophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Review of Recent Insights

The pathophysiologic mechanisms underpinning idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), a clinically diagnosed dementia-causing disorder, continue to be explored. An increasing body of evidence implicates multiple systems in the pathogenesis of this condition, though a unifying causative etiol...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in aging neuroscience 2022-04, Vol.14, p.866313-866313
Main Authors: Bonney, Phillip A, Briggs, Robert G, Wu, Kevin, Choi, Wooseong, Khahera, Anadjeet, Ojogho, Brandon, Shao, Xingfeng, Zhao, Zhen, Borzage, Matthew, Wang, Danny J J, Liu, Charles, Lee, Darrin J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging Neuroscience
Alzheimer's disease
Blood flow
Blood-brain barrier
Cerebral blood flow
Cerebrospinal fluid
communicating hydrocephalus
Compliance
Dementia
Dementia disorders
Etiology
Gait
glymphatic circulation
Hydrocephalus
idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH)
Intracranial pressure
Natural history
Pathogenesis
Pathophysiology
Phenotypes
Urinary incontinence
ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt
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Summary:The pathophysiologic mechanisms underpinning idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), a clinically diagnosed dementia-causing disorder, continue to be explored. An increasing body of evidence implicates multiple systems in the pathogenesis of this condition, though a unifying causative etiology remains elusive. Increased knowledge of the aberrations involved has shed light on the iNPH phenotype and has helped to guide prognostication for treatment with cerebrospinal fluid diversion. In this review, we highlight the central role of the cerebrovasculature in pathogenesis, from hydrocephalus formation to cerebral blood flow derangements, blood-brain barrier breakdown, and glymphatic pathway dysfunction. We offer potential avenues for increasing our understanding of how this disease occurs.
ISSN:1663-4365
1663-4365
DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2022.866313