Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Activities, and HPLC Determination of the Major Components of Verbena carolina (Verbenaceae)

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-05, Vol.24 (10), p.1970
• Main Authors: Lara-Issasi, Gonzalo, Salgado, Cecilia, Pedraza-Chaverri, José, Medina-Campos, Omar N, Morales, Agustín, Águila, Marco A, Avilés, Margarita, Rivero-Cruz, Blanca E, Navarro, Víctor, Ríos-Gómez, Ramiro, Aguilar, María Isabel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acids; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial agents; antioxidant capacity; Antioxidants; Chromatography; Coliforms; Constituents; Flavonoids; Folk medicine; Free radicals; High-performance liquid chromatography; HPLC determination; Kinases; Liquid chromatography; medicinal plants; Metabolites; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Reactive oxygen species; Regression analysis; Retention; Scavenging; Secondary metabolites; Toxicity; Ursolic acid; Verbena carolina; Verbenaceae
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101970

L. (Verbenaceae) is used as a decoction in Mexican folk medicine with applications against digestive problems and for dermatological infections. The present work firstly reported HPLC analysis, as well as the free radical scavenging capacity of the extracts and isolated compounds. Antimicrobial analyses of these substances against the bacteria , , and and the fungi , and were also tested, as well as the acute oral toxicity in mice of aqueous extracts. Major secondary metabolites in extracts were isolated by conventional phytochemical methods which consisted of three terpenoids ((1), (3) and (4)) and four phenolic compounds ((2), (4)-(6)). Their contents were determined by HPLC in six different samples from different locations. The results indicated that ursolic acid (1), hispidulin (2), verbenaline (3), hastatoside (4), verbascoside (5), hispidulin 7- -β-d-glucuronopyranoside (6) and pectolinaringenin-7- -α-d-glucuronopyranoside (7) were the main constituents and ranged from 0.17 to 3.37 mg/g of dried plant, with verbascoside being the most abundant and with a significant antioxidant activity in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hispidulin was the only active compound against and . The aqueous extract showed no significant toxicity (LD : > 5000 mg/mL). To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report of the chemical characterization of and also of the activity of its constituents towards reactive oxygen species and dermatophytes, and its safety for consumption.