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The European land and inland water CO2, CO, CH4 and N2O balance between 2001 and 2005

Globally, terrestrial ecosystems have absorbed about 30% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions over the period 2000-2007 and inter-hemispheric gradients indicate that a significant fraction of terrestrial carbon sequestration must be north of the Equator. We present a compilation of the CO2 , CO...

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Published in:Biogeosciences 2012-01, Vol.9 (8), p.3357-3380
Main Authors: Luyssaert, S, Abril, G, Andres, R, Bastviken, D, Bellassen, V, Bergamaschi, P, Bousquet, P, Chevallier, F, Ciais, P, Corazza, M, Dechow, R, Erb, K.-H, Etiope, G, tems-Cheiney, A, Grassi, G, Hartmann, J, Jung, M, Lathière, J, Lohila, A, Mayorga, E, Moosdorf, N, Njakou, D S, Otto, J, Papale, D, Peters, W, Peylin, P, Raymond, P, Rödenbeck, C, Saarnio, S, Schulze, E.-D, Szopa, S, Thompson, R, Verkerk, P J, Vuichard, N, Wang, R, Wattenbach, M, Zaehle, S
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container_end_page 3380
container_issue 8
container_start_page 3357
container_title Biogeosciences
container_volume 9
creator Luyssaert, S
Abril, G
Andres, R
Bastviken, D
Bellassen, V
Bergamaschi, P
Bousquet, P
Chevallier, F
Ciais, P
Corazza, M
Dechow, R
Erb, K.-H
Etiope, G
tems-Cheiney, A
Grassi, G
Hartmann, J
Jung, M
Lathière, J
Lohila, A
Mayorga, E
Moosdorf, N
Njakou, D S
Otto, J
Papale, D
Peters, W
Peylin, P
Raymond, P
Rödenbeck, C
Saarnio, S
Schulze, E.-D
Szopa, S
Thompson, R
Verkerk, P J
Vuichard, N
Wang, R
Wattenbach, M
Zaehle, S
description Globally, terrestrial ecosystems have absorbed about 30% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions over the period 2000-2007 and inter-hemispheric gradients indicate that a significant fraction of terrestrial carbon sequestration must be north of the Equator. We present a compilation of the CO2 , CO, CH4 and N2 O balances of Europe following a dual constraint approach in which (1) a land-based balance derived mainly from ecosystem carbon inventories and (2) a land-based balance derived from flux measurements are compared to (3) the atmospheric data-based balance derived from inversions constrained by measurements of atmospheric GHG (greenhouse gas) concentrations. Good agreement between the GHG balances based on fluxes (1294 ± 545 Tg C in CO2 -eq yr-1 ), inventories (1299 ± 200 Tg C in CO2 -eq yr-1 ) and inversions (1210 ± 405 Tg C in CO2 -eq yr-1 ) increases our confidence that the processes underlying the European GHG budget are well understood and reasonably sampled. However, the uncertainty remains large and largely lacks formal estimates. Given that European net land to atmosphere exchanges are determined by a few dominant fluxes, the uncertainty of these key components needs to be formally estimated before efforts could be made to reduce the overall uncertainty. The net land-to-atmosphere flux is a net source for CO2 , CO, CH4 and N2 O, because the anthropogenic emissions by far exceed the biogenic sink strength. The dual-constraint approach confirmed that the European biogenic sink removes as much as 205 ± 72 Tg C yr-1 from fossil fuel burning from the atmosphere. However, This C is being sequestered in both terrestrial and inland aquatic ecosystems. If the C-cost for ecosystem management is taken into account, the net uptake of ecosystems is estimated to decrease by 45% but still indicates substantial C-sequestration. However, when the balance is extended from CO2 towards the main GHGs, C-uptake by terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is offset by emissions of non-CO2 GHGs. As such, the European ecosystems are unlikely to contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change.
doi_str_mv 10.5194/bg-9-3357-2012
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Abril, G ; Andres, R ; Bastviken, D ; Bellassen, V ; Bergamaschi, P ; Bousquet, P ; Chevallier, F ; Ciais, P ; Corazza, M ; Dechow, R ; Erb, K.-H ; Etiope, G ; tems-Cheiney, A ; Grassi, G ; Hartmann, J ; Jung, M ; Lathière, J ; Lohila, A ; Mayorga, E ; Moosdorf, N ; Njakou, D S ; Otto, J ; Papale, D ; Peters, W ; Peylin, P ; Raymond, P ; Rödenbeck, C ; Saarnio, S ; Schulze, E.-D ; Szopa, S ; Thompson, R ; Verkerk, P J ; Vuichard, N ; Wang, R ; Wattenbach, M ; Zaehle, S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-d398t-94ab077b59fc479ab737662abc7d957768024e24e6bd3cfc504ddbc401f74ee43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS</topic><topic>atmospheric co2</topic><topic>CARBON</topic><topic>CARBON DIOXIDE</topic><topic>CARBON SEQUESTRATION</topic><topic>climate-change</topic><topic>CLIMATES</topic><topic>dioxide</topic><topic>ECOSYSTEMS</topic><topic>emissions</topic><topic>ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY AND ECONOMY</topic><topic>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</topic><topic>EUROPE</topic><topic>fluxes</topic><topic>FOSSIL FUELS</topic><topic>Global Changes</topic><topic>GREENHOUSE GASES</topic><topic>INVENTORIES</topic><topic>MANAGEMENT</topic><topic>net ecosystem exchange</topic><topic>nitrous-oxide</topic><topic>north-atlantic oscillation</topic><topic>organic-carbon changes</topic><topic>terrestrial biosphere</topic><topic>TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS</topic><topic>WATER</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Luyssaert, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abril, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andres, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bastviken, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bellassen, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bergamaschi, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bousquet, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chevallier, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ciais, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corazza, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dechow, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erb, K.-H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Etiope, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>tems-Cheiney, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grassi, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartmann, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jung, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lathière, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lohila, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mayorga, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moosdorf, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Njakou, D S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otto, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papale, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peters, W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peylin, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raymond, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rödenbeck, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saarnio, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schulze, E.-D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Szopa, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verkerk, P J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vuichard, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wattenbach, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zaehle, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oak Ridge National Lab. 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(ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The European land and inland water CO2, CO, CH4 and N2O balance between 2001 and 2005</atitle><jtitle>Biogeosciences</jtitle><date>2012-01-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>3357</spage><epage>3380</epage><pages>3357-3380</pages><issn>1726-4170</issn><issn>1726-4189</issn><eissn>1726-4189</eissn><abstract>Globally, terrestrial ecosystems have absorbed about 30% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions over the period 2000-2007 and inter-hemispheric gradients indicate that a significant fraction of terrestrial carbon sequestration must be north of the Equator. We present a compilation of the CO2 , CO, CH4 and N2 O balances of Europe following a dual constraint approach in which (1) a land-based balance derived mainly from ecosystem carbon inventories and (2) a land-based balance derived from flux measurements are compared to (3) the atmospheric data-based balance derived from inversions constrained by measurements of atmospheric GHG (greenhouse gas) concentrations. Good agreement between the GHG balances based on fluxes (1294 ± 545 Tg C in CO2 -eq yr-1 ), inventories (1299 ± 200 Tg C in CO2 -eq yr-1 ) and inversions (1210 ± 405 Tg C in CO2 -eq yr-1 ) increases our confidence that the processes underlying the European GHG budget are well understood and reasonably sampled. However, the uncertainty remains large and largely lacks formal estimates. Given that European net land to atmosphere exchanges are determined by a few dominant fluxes, the uncertainty of these key components needs to be formally estimated before efforts could be made to reduce the overall uncertainty. The net land-to-atmosphere flux is a net source for CO2 , CO, CH4 and N2 O, because the anthropogenic emissions by far exceed the biogenic sink strength. The dual-constraint approach confirmed that the European biogenic sink removes as much as 205 ± 72 Tg C yr-1 from fossil fuel burning from the atmosphere. However, This C is being sequestered in both terrestrial and inland aquatic ecosystems. If the C-cost for ecosystem management is taken into account, the net uptake of ecosystems is estimated to decrease by 45% but still indicates substantial C-sequestration. However, when the balance is extended from CO2 towards the main GHGs, C-uptake by terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is offset by emissions of non-CO2 GHGs. As such, the European ecosystems are unlikely to contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change.</abstract><cop>Katlenburg-Lindau</cop><pub>Copernicus GmbH</pub><doi>10.5194/bg-9-3357-2012</doi><tpages>24</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4327-3813</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9335-6994</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4914-086X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-4943</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8581-2814</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1737</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-7948</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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1726-4189
1726-4189
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subjects AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
atmospheric co2
CARBON
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON SEQUESTRATION
climate-change
CLIMATES
dioxide
ECOSYSTEMS
emissions
ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY AND ECONOMY
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
EUROPE
fluxes
FOSSIL FUELS
Global Changes
GREENHOUSE GASES
INVENTORIES
MANAGEMENT
net ecosystem exchange
nitrous-oxide
north-atlantic oscillation
organic-carbon changes
terrestrial biosphere
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
WATER
title The European land and inland water CO2, CO, CH4 and N2O balance between 2001 and 2005
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