What causes high costs for rural tuberculosis inpatients? Evidence from five counties in China

• Published in: BMC infectious diseases 2020-07, Vol.20 (1), p.501-14, Article 501
• Main Authors: Li, Haomiao, Cheng, Bin, Chen, Yingchun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis; China; Community health care; Compensation; Costs; Diagnosis; Drug resistance; Economic aspects; Economic burden; Expenditures; Family income; Female; Generalized linear models; Health Care Costs; Health care facilities; Health Expenditures; Health services; Hospital patients; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Households; Humans; Infectious diseases; Inpatients; Length of Stay - economics; Male; Medical diagnosis; Medical research; Microbial drug resistance; Middle Aged; Migrant labor; Migrant workers; Patients; Payment systems; Population; Quantile regression; Regression Analysis; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Rural areas; Rural China; Rural Population; Socio-demographic status; Sociodemographics; Statistical models; Studies; Tertiary Care Centers - economics; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis - diagnosis; Tuberculosis - economics; Tuberculosis - therapy; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - diagnosis; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - economics; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - therapy; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1471-2334; 1471-2334
• DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05235-9

Tuberculosis (TB) still causes high economic burden on patients in China, especially for rural patients. Our study aims to explore the risk factors associated with the high costs for TB inpatients in rural China from the aspects of inpatients' socio-demographic and institutional attributes. Generalized linear models were utilized to investigate the factors associated with TB inpatients' total costs and out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures. Quantile regression (QR) models were applied to explore the effect of each factor across the different costs range and identify the risk factors of high costs. TB inpatients with long length of stay and who receive hospitalization services cross provincially, in tertiary and specialized hospitals were likely to face high total costs and OOP expenditures. QR models showed that high total costs occurred in Dingyuan and Funan Counties, but they were not accompanied by high OOP expenditures. Early diagnosis, standard treatment and control of drug-resistant TB are still awaiting for more efforts from the government. TB inpatients should obtain medical services from appropriate hospitals. The diagnosis and treatment process of TB should be standardized across all designated medical institutions. Furthermore, the reimbursement policy for migrant workers who suffered from TB should be ameliorated.