Novel Biomarkers for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Most patients present with late diagnosis, leading to poor prognosis. This narrative review explores novel biomarkers for early HCC detection. We conducted a comprehensive literature review analyzing protein, circulating...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diagnostics (Basel) 2024-10, Vol.14 (20), p.2278
Main Authors: Attia, Abdelrahman M, Rezaee-Zavareh, Mohammad Saeid, Hwang, Soo Young, Kim, Naomy, Adetyan, Hasmik, Yalda, Tamar, Chen, Pin-Jung, Koltsova, Ekaterina K, Yang, Ju Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accuracy
Acids
Analysis
Artificial intelligence
Biomarkers
Clinical outcomes
Diagnosis
diagnosis: screening
Disease
early detection of cancer
Efficiency
Hepatitis B
hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatoma
Liver cancer
Liver cirrhosis
liver neoplasms
Medical prognosis
Medical screening
Metabolism
Metabolites
Patients
Precision medicine
Proteins
Proteomics
Review
Risk factors
Surveillance
Tumor markers
Ultrasonic imaging
Citations: Items that this one cites
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Summary:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Most patients present with late diagnosis, leading to poor prognosis. This narrative review explores novel biomarkers for early HCC detection. We conducted a comprehensive literature review analyzing protein, circulating nucleic acid, metabolite, and quantitative proteomics-based biomarkers, evaluating the advantages and limitations of each approach. While established markers like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, and AFP-L3 remain relevant, promising candidates include circulating tumor DNA, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, extracellular vesicle, and metabolomic biomarkers. Multi-biomarker panels like the GALAD score, Oncoguard, and Helio liver test show promise for improved diagnostic accuracy. Non-invasive approaches like urine and gut microbiome analysis are also emerging possibilities. Integrating these novel biomarkers with current screening protocols holds significant potential for earlier HCC detection and improved patient outcomes. Future research should explore multi-biomarker panels, omics technologies, and artificial intelligence to further enhance early HCC diagnosis and management.
ISSN:2075-4418
2075-4418
DOI:10.3390/diagnostics14202278