Surveillance along the Rio Grande during the 2020 Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak Reveals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of and Viral RNA Detection in Black Flies

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) emerges periodically from its focus of endemic transmission in southern Mexico to cause epizootics in livestock in the US. The ecology of VSV involves a diverse, but largely undefined, repertoire of potential reservoir hosts and invertebrate vectors. As part of a lar...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) 2021-10, Vol.10 (10), p.1264
Main Authors: Young, Katherine I., Valdez, Federico, Vaquera, Christina, Campos, Carlos, Zhou, Lawrence, Vessels, Helen K., Moulton, J. Kevin, Drolet, Barbara S., Rozo-Lopez, Paula, Pelzel-McCluskey, Angela M., Peters, Debra C., Rodriguez, Luis L., Hanley, Kathryn A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Black flies
Cattle
Domestic animals
Ecological effects
Epidemics
Epizootics
Foot & mouth disease
Genomes
Livestock
New Mexico
Normalized difference vegetative index
Precipitation
rhabdovirus
river
Simuliidae
Stomatitis
Stream flow
vector
Vectors
Vegetation
Vegetation index
vesicular stomatitis virus
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Summary:Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) emerges periodically from its focus of endemic transmission in southern Mexico to cause epizootics in livestock in the US. The ecology of VSV involves a diverse, but largely undefined, repertoire of potential reservoir hosts and invertebrate vectors. As part of a larger program to decipher VSV transmission, we conducted a study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of Simulium black flies, a known vector of VSV, along the Rio Grande in southern New Mexico, USA from March to December 2020. Serendipitously, the index case of VSV-Indiana (VSIV) in the USA in 2020 occurred at a central point of our study. Black flies appeared soon after the release of the Rio Grande’s water from an upstream dam in March 2020. Two-month and one-year lagged precipitation, maximum temperature, and vegetation greenness, measured as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), were associated with increased black fly abundance. We detected VSIV RNA in 11 pools comprising five black fly species using rRT-PCR; five pools yielded a VSIV sequence. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of VSV in the western US from vectors that were not collected on premises with infected domestic animals.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens10101264