Scavenger Receptor Class A1 Mediates Uptake of Morpholino Antisense Oligonucleotide into Dystrophic Skeletal Muscle

Exon skipping using phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) is a promising treatment strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The most significant limitation of these clinically used compounds is their lack of delivery systems that target muscles; thus, cell-penetrating peptides are be...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 2019-03, Vol.14, p.520-535
Main Authors: Miyatake, Shouta, Mizobe, Yoshitaka, Tsoumpra, Maria K., Lim, Kenji Rowel Q., Hara, Yuko, Shabanpoor, Fazel, Yokota, Toshifumi, Takeda, Shin’ichi, Aoki, Yoshitsugu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antisense oligonucleotides
Binding sites
Caveolin
delivery
Drug delivery
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
Dystrophin
Efficiency
Endocytosis
Exon skipping
FDA approval
Grants
Ligands
mdx52
Membranes
Muscular dystrophy
Musculoskeletal system
Myotubes
Nanoparticles
oligonucleotide uptake
Peptides
phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer
R&D
Research & development
scavenger receptor
Scavenger receptors
Skeletal muscle
splice switching
Zeta potential
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Summary:Exon skipping using phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) is a promising treatment strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The most significant limitation of these clinically used compounds is their lack of delivery systems that target muscles; thus, cell-penetrating peptides are being developed to enhance uptake into muscles. Recently, we reported that uptake of peptide-conjugated PMOs into myofibers was mediated by scavenger receptor class A (SR-A), which binds negatively charged ligands. However, the mechanism by which the naked PMOs are taken up into fibers is poorly understood. In this study, we found that PMO uptake and exon-skipping efficiency were promoted in dystrophin-deficient myotubes via endocytosis through a caveolin-dependent pathway. Interestingly, SR-A1 was upregulated and localized in juxtaposition with caveolin-3 in these myotubes and promoted PMO-induced exon skipping. SR-A1 was also upregulated in the skeletal muscle of mdx52 mice and mediated PMO uptake. In addition, PMOs with neutral backbones had negative zeta potentials owing to their nucleobase compositions and interacted with SR-A1. In conclusion, PMOs with negative zeta potential were taken up into dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle by upregulated SR-A1. Therefore, the development of a drug delivery system targeting SR-A1 could lead to highly efficient exon-skipping therapies for DMD.
ISSN:2162-2531
2162-2531
DOI:10.1016/j.omtn.2019.01.008