Blurred transitions of female genital cutting in a Norwegian Somali community

• Published in: PloS one 2019-08, Vol.14 (8), p.e0220985
• Main Author: Johansen, R Elise B
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Aged; Attitude; Beliefs, opinions and attitudes; Circumcision; Circumcision, Female; Diasporas; Female; Female circumcision; Humans; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Middle Aged; Norway; People and Places; Public opinion; Social aspects; Social norms; Social Sciences; Somali refugees; Somalia; Transients and Migrants; Travel; Travelers; Women
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220985

While diaspora communities have become more critical of Female Genital Cutting (FGC), there are also trends of continuity. To explore the interplay between continuity and change, I designed a study among Somali migrants in Norway. A team of six Somali research assistants collected data from 72 male and female research participants between 16 and 57 years of age through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The aim of the study was to gather knowledge that could improve interventions among migrant populations. The study findings indicate that the experience of FGC as a practice in transition implies that people have to maneuver between different and partly contradictory social norms. The paper first discusses the contradiction between a strong negative attitude toward FGC and very low engagement. The lack of engagement is explained by the increased privatization of FGC and insecurities due to the transition and disempowerment with regard to challenging the FGC practices of relatives based in countries of origin. Second, the paper explores the contradiction between perceptions of FGC as a disappearing practice and the recognition of trends of continuation. Trends of continuation include those related to perceptions of risk during travel to countries of origin, resistance to defibulation, support for sunna circumcision and insecurities regarding the significance of FGC for marriageability. Thus, despite an almost universally negative attitude toward FGC in the form of infibulation, ongoing changes can, to some extent, hamper further change. This suggests that to ensure further progress in the abandonment of the practice, these complex and interconnected expectations must be addressed.