PHNQ from Evechinus chloroticus Sea Urchin Supplemented with Calcium Promotes Mineralization in Saos-2 Human Bone Cell Line

• Published in: Marine drugs 2020-07, Vol.18 (7), p.373
• Main Authors: Hou, Yakun, Carne, Alan, McConnell, Michelle, Mros, Sonya, Vasileva, Elena A, Mishchenko, Natalia P, Burrow, Keegan, Wang, Ke, Bekhit, Adnan A, Bekhit, Alaa El-Din A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal models; Animals; Antioxidants; Bioactive compounds; Biocompatibility; Bone and Bones - drug effects; Bone and Bones - metabolism; Bone and Bones - pathology; Bone Density Conservation Agents - chemistry; Bone Density Conservation Agents - isolation & purification; Bone Density Conservation Agents - pharmacology; Bone Density Conservation Agents - toxicity; Bone growth; Bones; Calcification, Physiologic - drug effects; Calcium; Calcium chloride; Cell growth; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell viability; Cells; Cytotoxicity; Evechinus chloroticus; Experiments; Humans; Hydroxylation; Incubation; Incubation period; Marine invertebrates; Mineralization; mineralized nodule formation; Naphthoquinones - chemistry; Naphthoquinones - isolation & purification; Naphthoquinones - pharmacology; Naphthoquinones - toxicity; Natural products; Osteoblasts - drug effects; Osteoblasts - metabolism; Osteoblasts - pathology; Osteogenesis - drug effects; Osteoporosis; PHNQ; Saos-2 cells; sea urchin; Sea urchins; Sea Urchins - chemistry; spinochrome; Time Factors; Toxicity
• ISSN: 1660-3397; 1660-3397
• DOI: 10.3390/MD18070373

Polyhydroxylated naphthoquinones (PHNQs), known as spinochromes that can be extracted from sea urchins, are bioactive compounds reported to have medicinal properties and antioxidant activity. The MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assay showed that pure echinochrome A exhibited a cytotoxic effect on Saos-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner within the test concentration range (15.625-65.5 µg/mL). The PHNQ extract from New Zealand sea urchin did not induce any cytotoxicity within the same concentration range after 21 days of incubation. Adding calcium chloride (CaCl ) with echinochrome A increased the number of viable cells, but when CaCl was added with the PHNQs, cell viability decreased. The effect of PHNQs extracted on mineralized nodule formation in Saos-2 cells was investigated using xylenol orange and von Kossa staining methods. Echinochrome A decreased the mineralized nodule formation significantly ( < 0.05), while nodule formation was not affected in the PHNQ treatment group. A significant ( < 0.05) increase in mineralization was observed in the presence of PHNQs (62.5 µg/mL) supplemented with 1.5 mM CaCl . In conclusion, the results indicate that PHNQs have the potential to improve the formation of bone mineral phase in vitro, and future research in an animal model is warranted.