Cigarette smoking and air pollution exposure and their effects on cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has no socioeconomic, topographical, or sex limitations as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). The significant drivers of CVD are cardio-metabolic, behavioral, environmental, and social risk factors. However, some significant risk factors for CVD (e.g., a pi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in public health 2023, Vol.11, p.967047-967047
Main Authors: Mallah, Manthar Ali, Soomro, Tahmina, Ali, Mukhtiar, Noreen, Sobia, Khatoon, Nafeesa, Kafle, Akriti, Feng, Feifei, Wang, Wei, Naveed, Muhammad, Zhang, Qiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
air particulate matter
air pollution
Air Pollution - adverse effects
Atherosclerosis - chemically induced
Atherosclerosis - complications
cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology
Cigarette Smoking
Female
Humans
inflammation
Male
Tobacco Smoke Pollution - adverse effects
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Summary:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has no socioeconomic, topographical, or sex limitations as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). The significant drivers of CVD are cardio-metabolic, behavioral, environmental, and social risk factors. However, some significant risk factors for CVD (e.g., a pitiable diet, tobacco smoking, and a lack of physical activities), have also been linked to an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Lifestyles and environmental factors are known key variables in cardiovascular disease. The familiarity with smoke goes along with the contact with the environment: air pollution is considered a source of toxins that contribute to the CVD burden. The incidence of myocardial infarction increases in males and females and may lead to fatal coronary artery disease, as confirmed by epidemiological studies. Lipid modification, inflammation, and vasomotor dysfunction are integral components of atherosclerosis development and advancement. These aspects are essential for the identification of atherosclerosis in clinical investigations. This article aims to show the findings on the influence of CVD on the health of individuals and human populations, as well as possible pathology and their involvement in smoking-related cardiovascular diseases. This review also explains lifestyle and environmental factors that are known to contribute to CVD, with indications suggesting an affiliation between cigarette smoking, air pollution, and CVD.
ISSN:2296-2565
2296-2565
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2023.967047