Synthesis and investigation of dielectric ceramic nanoparticles for microstrip patch antenna applications

Zinc aluminate (ZnAl 2 O 4 ) is a well-recognized ceramic demanded in several microwave applications. Further, the addition of dielectric materials in ZnAl 2 O 4 improved its dielectric properties, which is promising for the realization of a microstrip patch antenna. This article reports the investi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2022-03, Vol.12 (1), p.3929-3929, Article 3929
Main Authors: Siragam, Srilali, Dubey, R. S., Pappula, Lakshman, Satheesh Babu, G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
639/166/987
639/301/1005
639/925/357/354
Antennas
Crystals
Dielectric properties
Electrical properties
Electron diffraction
Humanities and Social Sciences
Micrography
multidisciplinary
Nanoparticles
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Titanium dioxide
Transmission electron microscopy
X-ray diffraction
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Summary:Zinc aluminate (ZnAl 2 O 4 ) is a well-recognized ceramic demanded in several microwave applications. Further, the addition of dielectric materials in ZnAl 2 O 4 improved its dielectric properties, which is promising for the realization of a microstrip patch antenna. This article reports the investigation of ZnAl 2 O 4 TiO 2 (ZAT) dielectric ceramic nanoparticles synthesized by the sol–gel process. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the prepared nanoparticles, with a tetragonal structure of anatase-, and rutile-TiO 2 phases coexisting with the cubic phase of ZnAl 2 O 4 . The estimated crystallite size of the dielectric ceramic is 13.3 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs demonstrated the spherical grains with their mean diameter of 14.75 nm, whereas the selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern endorsed the crystallinity of the sample. Raman measurement revealed the vibrational modes in accordance with the TiO 2 and ZnAl 2 O 4 compounds. The dielectric properties of the ZAT sample showed the dielectric permittivity in the range of 22.12–21.63, with its minimum loss from 0.056 to 0.041. Finally, a prototype microstrip antenna was fabricated using the prepared nanoparticles, which demonstrated a return loss of − 30.72 dB at the resonant frequency of 4.85 GHz with its bandwidth of 830 MHz.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-07899-6