H2O2 Metabolism in Normal Thyroid Cells and in Thyroid Tumorigenesis: Focus on NADPH Oxidases

Thyroid hormone synthesis requires adequate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production that is utilized as an oxidative agent during the synthesis of thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid H2O2 is generated by a member of the family of NADPH oxidase enzymes (NOX-es), termed dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2)...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antioxidants 2019-05, Vol.8 (5), p.126
Main Authors: Szanto, Ildiko, Pusztaszeri, Marc, Mavromati, Maria
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal models
Binding sites
Carcinogenesis
dual oxidase
DUOX2
DUOX2 protein
Enzymatic activity
Enzymes
Hormones
Hydrogen peroxide
Iodine
NAD(P)H oxidase
NADPH oxidase
NOX4
NOX4 protein
Physiology
Plasma
Proteins
Reactive oxygen species
redox
Review
Thyroid
Thyroid cancer
Thyroid gland
Thyroid hormones
Thyroxine
Triiodothyronine
Tumorigenesis
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Summary:Thyroid hormone synthesis requires adequate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production that is utilized as an oxidative agent during the synthesis of thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid H2O2 is generated by a member of the family of NADPH oxidase enzymes (NOX-es), termed dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2). NOX/DUOX enzymes produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as their unique enzymatic activity in a timely and spatially regulated manner and therefore, are important regulators of diverse physiological processes. By contrast, dysfunctional NOX/DUOX-derived ROS production is associated with pathological conditions. Inappropriate DUOX2-generated H2O2 production results in thyroid hypofunction in rodent models. Recent studies also indicate that ROS improperly released by NOX4, another member of the NOX family, are involved in thyroid carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the current knowledge concerning the redox regulation of thyroid hormonogenesis and cancer development with a specific emphasis on the NOX and DUOX enzymes in these processes.
ISSN:2076-3921
2076-3921
DOI:10.3390/antiox8050126