Optimizing Inpatient Nutrition Care of Adult Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the 21st Century

Malnutrition is highly prevalent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and disproportionately affects those admitted to hospital. Malnutrition is a risk factor for many complications in IBD, including prolonged hospitalization, infection, greater need for surgery, development of venous thromb...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2021-05, Vol.13 (5), p.1581
Main Authors: Chiu, Elaine, Oleynick, Chris, Raman, Maitreyi, Bielawska, Barbara
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Adults
Body composition
Canada
central parenteral nutrition
Complications
Diet therapy
Dietary restrictions
Endoscopy
enteral nutrition
Female
Food intake
Gastrointestinal diseases
Health aspects
Hospital patients
Hospitalization
Hospitals
Humans
Infections
Inflammation
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - complications
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - physiopathology
Intestine
Laboratories
Length of stay
Male
Malnutrition
Malnutrition - diagnosis
Malnutrition - etiology
Malnutrition - therapy
Mortality
Nutrition
Nutrition Assessment
nutrition support
Nutrition Therapy - methods
Nutritional Status
Parenteral nutrition
Patients
peripheral parenteral nutrition
Review
Risk analysis
Risk Factors
Sarcopenia
Thromboembolism
Weight control
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Description
Summary:Malnutrition is highly prevalent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and disproportionately affects those admitted to hospital. Malnutrition is a risk factor for many complications in IBD, including prolonged hospitalization, infection, greater need for surgery, development of venous thromboembolism, post-operative complications, and mortality. Early screening for malnutrition and prompt nutrition intervention if indicated has been shown to prevent or mitigate many of these outlined risk factors. There are many causes of malnutrition in IBD including reduced oral food intake, medications, active inflammation, and prior surgical resections. Hospitalization can further compound pre-existing malnutrition through inappropriate diet restrictions, nil per os (NPO) for endoscopy and imaging, or partial bowel obstruction, resulting in "post-hospital syndrome" after discharge and readmission. The aim of this article is to inform clinicians of the prevalence and consequences of malnutrition in IBD, as well as available screening and assessment tools for diagnosis, and to offer an organized approach to the nutritional care of hospitalized adult IBD patients.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu13051581