Intraocular Epithelial Ingrowth after Traumatic and Surgical Corneal Injuries

Intraocular epithelial ingrowth is a rare but serious complication of eye surgery or trauma. The diagnosis is challenging but can be aided by techniques such as anterior optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). This study aimed to compare clinical and histopathological diagnostic data to evaluate the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diagnostics (Basel) 2024-07, Vol.14 (13), p.1401
Main Authors: Heinzelmann, Joana, Stoica, Sergiu, Vogt, Alexander Ruben, Hecht, Sabine, Viestenz, Anja, Viestenz, Arne
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
anterior optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT)
Antibodies
Cataracts
Corneal transplantation
cytokeratin 13
cytokeratin 19
cytokeratin 3
diagnosis
epithelial ingrowth
Eye surgery
Glaucoma
Keratin
Ophthalmology
Patients
Trauma
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Summary:Intraocular epithelial ingrowth is a rare but serious complication of eye surgery or trauma. The diagnosis is challenging but can be aided by techniques such as anterior optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). This study aimed to compare clinical and histopathological diagnostic data to evaluate the accuracy of AS-OCT. This retrospective analysis focused on patients presenting with suspected epithelial invasion between 2017 and 2022. Clinical data and histopathological findings were analyzed for diagnostic confirmation. Immunohistochemistry using the corneal-specific marker cytokeratin 3 and the conjunctival-specific marker cytokeratin 13 helped to identify the type of invading epithelial cells. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of AS-OCT for diagnosis. This study included 51 patients who underwent keratoplasty or enucleation. Sixteen cases (31%) of epithelial ingrowth were histologically confirmed. The most common type was the cystic form (82%). Enucleation was required in 25% of patients, mainly due to diffuse epithelial invasion. Immunohistochemistry revealed a conjunctival origin in 82% of the infiltrated cells. AS-OCT showed a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 26% in detecting hyperreflective structures associated with epithelial invasion. This study highlights the diverse manifestations of epithelial ingrowth and the need for improved diagnostic techniques, with AS-OCT showing promising results but requiring further validation to avoid misdiagnosis.
ISSN:2075-4418
2075-4418
DOI:10.3390/diagnostics14131401