Repeatability and Temporal Consistency of Lower Limb Biomechanical Variables Expressing Interlimb Coordination during the Double-Support Phase in People with and without Stroke Sequelae

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-02, Vol.23 (5), p.2526
• Main Authors: Couto, Ana G B, Vaz, Mário A P, Pinho, Liliana, Félix, José, Moreira, Juliana, Pinho, Francisco, Mesquita, Inês Albuquerque, Montes, António Mesquita, Crasto, Carlos, Sousa, Andreia S P
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomechanical Phenomena; Biomechanics; Care and treatment; Complications and side effects; Coordination; Correlation analysis; Correlation coefficients; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disease Progression; electromyographic parameters; Electromyography; Electromyography - methods; Gait; Gait - physiology; human movement variability; Humans; kinematic parameters; Kinematics; kinetic parameters; Lower Extremity; Muscle function; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Muscles; Physiological aspects; post-stroke; Questionnaires; Stroke; Stroke (Disease); Variability; Walking; Walking - physiology
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s23052526

Reliable biomechanical methods to assess interlimb coordination during the double-support phase in post-stroke subjects are needed for assessing movement dysfunction and related variability. The data obtained could provide a significant contribution for designing rehabilitation programs and for their monitorisation. The present study aimed to determine the minimum number of gait cycles needed to obtain adequate values of repeatability and temporal consistency of lower limb kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic parameters during the double support of walking in people with and without stroke sequelae. Eleven post-stroke and thirteen healthy participants performed 20 gait trials at self-selected speed in two separate moments with an interval between 72 h and 7 days. The joint position, the external mechanical work on the centre of mass, and the surface electromyographic activity of the tibialis anterior, soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus muscles were extracted for analysis. Both the contralesional and ipsilesional and dominant and non-dominant limbs of participants with and without stroke sequelae, respectively, were evaluated either in trailing or leading positions. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used for assessing intra-session and inter-session consistency analysis. For most of the kinematic and the kinetic variables studied in each session, two to three trials were required for both groups, limbs, and positions. The electromyographic variables presented higher variability, requiring, therefore, a number of trials ranging from 2 to >10. Globally, the number of trials required inter-session ranged from 1 to >10 for kinematic, from 1 to 9 for kinetic, and 1 to >10 for electromyographic variables. Thus, for the double support analysis, three gait trials were required in order to assess the kinematic and kinetic variables in cross-sectional studies, while for longitudinal studies, a higher number of trials (>10) were required for kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic variables.