Antifungal Potential of Melaleuca alternifolia against Fungal Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4

Fusarium wilt of bananas caused by f. sp. Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) poses the most serious threat to banana production globally. The disease has been managed using chemical fungicides, yet the control levels are still unsatisfactory. This study investigated the antifungal activities of tea tree ( )...

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Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-05, Vol.28 (11), p.4456
Main Authors: Paramalingam, Pavitra, Baharum, Nadiya Akmal, Abdullah, Janna Ong, Hong, Jeum Kyu, Saidi, Noor Baity
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antifungal activity
banana
Bananas
bioprotectant
Disease control
Disease management
essential oil
Essential oils
Fungicides
Fusarium
Fusarium oxysporum
Germination
hydrosol
Jasmonic acid
Melaleuca alternifolia
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Oils & fats
Pathogens
Pesticides
Plant diseases
Plant extracts
Spore germination
Tea
tea tree
Terpinene
Terpineol
TR4
Trees
Wilt
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Summary:Fusarium wilt of bananas caused by f. sp. Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) poses the most serious threat to banana production globally. The disease has been managed using chemical fungicides, yet the control levels are still unsatisfactory. This study investigated the antifungal activities of tea tree ( ) essential oil (TTO) and hydrosol (TTH) against TR4 and their bioactive components. The potential of TTO and TTH in inhibiting the growth of TR4 was evaluated in vitro using agar well diffusion and spore germination assays. Compared to the chemical fungicide, TTO effectively suppressed the mycelial growth of TR4 at 69%. Both the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of TTO and TTH were established at 0.2 µg/µL and 50% / , respectively, suggesting the fungicidal nature of the plant extracts. The disease control efficacies were also demonstrated by a ( ≤ 0.05) delayed Fusarium wilt symptom development in the susceptible banana plants with reduced LSI dan RDI scores from 70% to around 20-30%. A GC/MS analysis of TTO identified terpinen-4-ol, eucalyptol, and α-terpineol as the major components. In contrast, an LC/MS analysis of TTH identified different compounds, including dihydro-jasmonic acid and methyl ester. Our findings indicate the potential of tea tree extracts as natural alternatives to chemical fungicides to control TR4.
ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules28114456