Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Related Thyroid Dysfunction: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Possible Pathogenesis, and Management

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a group of drugs employed in the treatment of various types of malignant tumors and improve the therapeutic effect. ICIs blocks negative co-stimulatory molecules, such as programmed cell death gene-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-ass...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in endocrinology (Lausanne) 2021-06, Vol.12, p.649863-649863
Main Authors: Zhan, Ling, Feng, Hong-Fang, Liu, Han-Qing, Guo, Lian-Tao, Chen, Chuang, Yao, Xiao-Li, Sun, Sheng-Rong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
B7-H1 Antigen - metabolism
clinical manifestations
CTLA-4 Antigen - metabolism
Disease Progression
Endocrinology
epidemiology
Female
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
HLA Antigens - biosynthesis
Homeostasis
Humans
immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - adverse effects
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - metabolism
Immune System
immune-related adverse events
Immunotherapy - methods
Ligands
Male
Middle Aged
pathogenesis
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - metabolism
T-Lymphocytes - cytology
Thyroid Diseases - diagnosis
Thyroid Diseases - epidemiology
Thyroid Diseases - immunology
Thyroid Diseases - therapy
thyroid dysfunction
Thyroid Gland - physiopathology
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Summary:Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a group of drugs employed in the treatment of various types of malignant tumors and improve the therapeutic effect. ICIs blocks negative co-stimulatory molecules, such as programmed cell death gene-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), reactivating the recognition and killing effect of the immune system on tumors. However, the reactivation of the immune system can also lead to the death of normal organs, tissues, and cells, eventually leading to immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). IRAEs involve various organs and tissues and also cause thyroid dysfunction. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, possible pathogenesis, and management of ICIs-related thyroid dysfunction.
ISSN:1664-2392
1664-2392
DOI:10.3389/fendo.2021.649863