Complement Inhibitors in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Potential Therapeutic Option

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease, which can culminate in irreversible vision loss and blindness in elderly. Nowadays, there is a big gap between dry AMD and wet AMD on treatment. Accounting for nearly 90% of AMD, dry AMD still lacks effective treatment. Numerous gen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of immunology research 2021, Vol.2021, p.9945725-15
Main Authors: Qin, Shuqi, Dong, Ning, Yang, Ming, Wang, Jialin, Feng, Xue, Wang, Yanling
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Animals
Binding sites
Blindness
Clinical trials
Complement Activation - drug effects
Complement Activation - immunology
Complement Inactivating Agents - pharmacology
Complement Inactivating Agents - therapeutic use
Complement inhibitors
Complement system
Complement System Proteins - immunology
Disease Management
Disease Susceptibility - immunology
Gene therapy
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Health risk assessment
Humans
Immunology
Macular degeneration
Macular Degeneration - drug therapy
Macular Degeneration - etiology
Macular Degeneration - metabolism
Macular Degeneration - pathology
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Pathogenesis
Pathogens
Review
Risk Factors
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Summary:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease, which can culminate in irreversible vision loss and blindness in elderly. Nowadays, there is a big gap between dry AMD and wet AMD on treatment. Accounting for nearly 90% of AMD, dry AMD still lacks effective treatment. Numerous genetic and molecular researches have confirmed the significant role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of AMD, leading to a deeper exploration of complement inhibitors in the treatment of AMD. To date, at least 14 different complement inhibitors have been or are being explored in AMD in almost 40 clinical trials. While most complement inhibitors fail to treat AMD successfully, two of them are effective in inhibiting the rate of GA progression in phase II clinical trials, and both of them successfully entered phase III trials. Furthermore, recently emerging complement gene therapy and combination therapy also offer new opportunities to treat AMD in the future. In this review, we aim to introduce genetic and molecular associations between the complement system and AMD, provide the updated progress in complement inhibitors in AMD on clinical trials, and discuss the challenges and prospects of complement therapeutic strategies in AMD.
ISSN:2314-8861
2314-7156
DOI:10.1155/2021/9945725