Zika Virus-Infected Monocyte Exosomes Mediate Cell-to-Cell Viral Transmission

Zika fever is a reemerging arthropod-borne viral disease; however, Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted by other, non-vector means. Severe Zika fever is characterized by neurological disorders, autoimmunity, or congenital Zika syndrome. Monocytes are primary ZIKV targets in humans and, in response t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-01, Vol.13 (2), p.144
Main Authors: Martínez-Rojas, Pedro Pablo, Monroy-Martínez, Verónica, Agredano-Moreno, Lourdes Teresa, Jiménez-García, Luis Felipe, Ruiz-Ordaz, Blanca H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autoimmunity
Biosynthesis
CD63 antigen
CD81 antigen
Cell activation
Cell differentiation
Cell interaction
Cell organelles
cell-to-cell viral transmission
Cytofluorometry
Dengue fever
Disease transmission
Exosomes
Extracellular Vesicles
Fever
Health aspects
human monocytes
Humans
Immune response
Infections
Microscopy
Monocytes
Mosquitoes
Nanoparticles
Neurological diseases
Pathogenesis
Proteins
small extracellular vesicles
Transmission electron microscopy
Ultracentrifugation
Ultraviolet radiation
Viral diseases
Viruses
West Nile virus
Zika Virus
Zika Virus Infection
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Summary:Zika fever is a reemerging arthropod-borne viral disease; however, Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted by other, non-vector means. Severe Zika fever is characterized by neurological disorders, autoimmunity, or congenital Zika syndrome. Monocytes are primary ZIKV targets in humans and, in response to infection, release extracellular vesicles like exosomes. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication and are involved in the virus's ability to circumvent the immune response, promoting pathological processes. This study aimed to evaluate the role of monocyte exosomes in cell-to-cell viral transmission. We isolated exosomes from ZIKV-infected monocytes (Mø exo ZIKV) by differential ultracentrifugation and identified them by nanoparticle tracking analysis; transmission electron microscopy; and CD63, CD81, TSG101, and Alix detection by cytofluorometry. Purified exosome isolates were obtained by uncoupling from paramagnetic beads or by treatment with UV radiation and RNase A. We found that Mø exo ZIKV carry viral RNA and E/NS1 proteins and that their interaction with naïve cells favors viral transmission, infection, and cell differentiation/activation. These data suggest that Mø exo ZIKV are an efficient alternative pathway for ZIKV infection. Knowledge of these mechanisms contributes to understanding the pathogenesis of severe disease and to the development of new vaccines and therapies.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells13020144