Amelioration of lithiatic injury to renal tissue by candesartan and sodium thiosulfate in a rat model of nephrolithiasis

• Published in: PloS one 2021-05, Vol.16 (5), p.e0251408
• Main Authors: El-Ashmawy, Nahla E, El-Bahrawy, Hoda A, Ashmawy, Heba H, Khedr, Eman G
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Benzimidazoles - therapeutic use; Biology and Life Sciences; Biphenyl Compounds - therapeutic use; Candesartan; Care and treatment; Complications and side effects; Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Ethylene Glycol; Kidney - drug effects; Kidney - pathology; Kidney stones; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Nephrolithiasis - chemically induced; Nephrolithiasis - drug therapy; Nephrolithiasis - pathology; Patient outcomes; Physical Sciences; Protective Agents - therapeutic use; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium thiosulfate; Tetrazoles - therapeutic use; Thiosulfates - therapeutic use
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251408

Nephrolithiasis is a chronic metabolic condition affecting 10% of population worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of candesartan (CAND) and sodium thiosulfate (STS) in ameliorating ethylene glycol (EG) induced nephrolithiasis. One hundred male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Normal control group, nephrolithiasis (EG) group (1% EG in drinking water), Cystone (CYS) group (EG + 750 mg/kg CYS, orally, once daily), STS group (EG + 0.4 gm/kg STS, intraperitoneally, 3 times/week) and CAND group (EG + 70 μg/mL CAND in drinking water). Treatments and EG administration commenced on the same day and continued for 28 days. CYS was used as reference drug. Urine, blood, and renal tissues were collected at the end of the experiment for assessment of kidney function tests (serum creatinine and urea), urinary (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), calcium and oxalate), inflammatory and oxdative stress biomarkers (transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), osteopontin (OPN) and ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG)) in renal tissue. Serum (creatinine and urea), urinary (8-OHdG and oxalate) and renal (OPN and TGF-β) were significantly reduced in CAND and STS groups compared to EG group. Furthermore, renal GSH/GSSG and urinary calcium were significantly increased in CAND and STS groups compared to EG group. Histopathological results support the biochemical findings; CAND and STS groups showed less retention of crystals and necrotic damage in kidney. Also, microscopic examination of urine revealed less crystal for CAND and STS groups. Candesartan and sodium thiosulfate exhibited protective effect against nephrolithiasis.