Evolution of the physical and physiological quality of soybean seeds during processing

• Published in: Journal of seed science 2018-09, Vol.40 (3), p.313-322
• Main Authors: Moreano, Tana Balesdent, Marques, Odair José, Braccini, Alessandro Lucca, Scapim, Carlos Alberto, França-Neto, José de Barros, Krzyzanowski, Francisco Carlos
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: dano mecânico; dano por percevejo; deterioração por umidade; Glycine max (L.) Merrill; PLANT SCIENCES; vigor
• ISSN: 2317-1537; 2317-1545; 2317-1545
• DOI: 10.1590/2317-1545v40n3198414

Seed processing or conditioning is important for improving soybean seed lot quality as it improves the physical characteristics by eliminating inert materials, weed and non-standard seeds and increases physiological quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of processing on physical and physiological qualities of soybean seed, before and after each equipment and transport system, during processing in a Seed Processing Plant. Samples of six cultivars were obtained during processing while seeds passed through each machine, totaling fifteen sampling sites. The experimental design was entirely randomized, treatments arranged in 15 x 6 factorial scheme, with 10 replications. Characteristics evaluated were germination; vigor by accelerated aging test; tetrazolium test for viability (TZ 1 to 5), vigor (TZ 1 to 3), weathering damage (TZ 3), mechanical damages (TZ 2 to 8), stinkbug damages (TZ 2 to 8) and moisture content. Results showed that processing improves the physiological and physical qualities of soybean seeds and enhances average quality seeds. The equipment and the system of transport (lifts and conveyor belts) used in this study did not cause mechanical damages to the seeds; the mechanical damages were mostly detected in larger seeds and stinkbug damages were found in smaller seeds; and seeds with weathering damage were neither eliminated nor reduced by any processing line. Resumo: O beneficiamento de sementes tem uma importância fundamental na melhoria da qualidade de lotes de sementes de soja, podendo melhorar as caracacterísticas físicas pela eliminação de materiais inertes, sementes de plantas daninhas e sementes fora de padrão e permitindo incremento na qualidade fisiológica. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a evolução das características físicas e fisiológicas das sementes de soja ao longo da linha de beneficiamento, sendo avaliadas seis cultivares em quinze pontos de amostragem. Delineou-se em DIC, em fatorial 15 x 6 e 10 repetições. Avaliou-se germinação; vigor no envelhecimento acelerado; viabilidade pelo teste de tetrazólio (TZ classes 1 a 5); vigor (TZ classes 1 a 3); deterioração por umidade (TZ classe 3); danos mecânicos totais (TZ classes 2 a 8); danos por percevejos (TZ classes 2 a 8); e grau de umidade. Concluiu-se que o beneficiamento melhora as qualidades física e fisiológica das sementes, sendo a eficiência acentuada nas sementes de qualidade mediana. O sistema de transporte (elevadores e correias transport