Language choice in bimodal bilingual development

• Published in: Frontiers in psychology 2014-10, Vol.5, p.1163
• Main Authors: Lillo-Martin, Diane, de Quadros, Ronice M, Chen Pichler, Deborah, Fieldsteel, Zoe
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bilingual development; Bimodal bilingualism; Code-blending; Interlocutor sensitivity; Language mixing; Psychology
• ISSN: 1664-1078; 1664-1078
• DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01163

Bilingual children develop sensitivity to the language used by their interlocutors at an early age, reflected in differential use of each language by the child depending on their interlocutor. Factors such as discourse context and relative language dominance in the community may mediate the degree of language differentiation in preschool age children. Bimodal bilingual children, acquiring both a sign language and a spoken language, have an even more complex situation. Their Deaf parents vary considerably in access to the spoken language. Furthermore, in addition to code-mixing and code-switching, they use code-blending-expressions in both speech and sign simultaneously-an option uniquely available to bimodal bilinguals. Code-blending is analogous to code-switching sociolinguistically, but is also a way to communicate without suppressing one language. For adult bimodal bilinguals, complete suppression of the non-selected language is cognitively demanding. We expect that bimodal bilingual children also find suppression difficult, and use blending rather than suppression in some contexts. We also expect relative community language dominance to be a factor in children's language choices. This study analyzes longitudinal spontaneous production data from four bimodal bilingual children and their Deaf and hearing interlocutors. Even at the earliest observations, the children produced more signed utterances with Deaf interlocutors and more speech with hearing interlocutors. However, while three of the four children produced >75% speech alone in speech target sessions, they produced