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Longitudinal relationships between changes in body composition and changes in selected metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity and blood pressure) among South African adolescents
Incidence of childhood high blood pressure (BP) is increasing worldwide. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between changes in body composition (i.e. body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage body fat) and selected metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity and BP)...
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| Published in: | PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) CA), 2020-06, Vol.8, p.e9331-e9331, Article e9331 |
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| description | Incidence of childhood high blood pressure (BP) is increasing worldwide. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between changes in body composition (i.e. body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage body fat) and selected metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity and BP) among adolescents from the Tlokwe municipality in the North West Province of South Africa.
One hundred and eight-six adolescents (81 boys and 105 girls) aged 14 to 16 years participated in the study. Body composition was measured following the International Society of the Advancement of Kinanthropometry standard procedures. BMI, abdominal obesity using WC measurement, and resting BP were determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was calculated to determine changes in anthropometric measures and body composition as well as changes in BP. Additionally, Univariate analysis of variance with repeated measures and participants as a random sample was applied. Diastolic BP (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP) were used as dependent variables and sex, age, BMI, WC, and waist-to-height ratio as independent variables.
Significant changes were found for stature, BMI, body mass, WC, SBP, and DBP. BMI for the total group was significant and positively related to abdominal obesity in 2012 (
= 0.55;
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.7717/peerj.9331 |
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One hundred and eight-six adolescents (81 boys and 105 girls) aged 14 to 16 years participated in the study. Body composition was measured following the International Society of the Advancement of Kinanthropometry standard procedures. BMI, abdominal obesity using WC measurement, and resting BP were determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was calculated to determine changes in anthropometric measures and body composition as well as changes in BP. Additionally, Univariate analysis of variance with repeated measures and participants as a random sample was applied. Diastolic BP (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP) were used as dependent variables and sex, age, BMI, WC, and waist-to-height ratio as independent variables.
Significant changes were found for stature, BMI, body mass, WC, SBP, and DBP. BMI for the total group was significant and positively related to abdominal obesity in 2012 (
= 0.55;
< 0.01) and in 2013 (
= 0.77;
< 0.01) and to SBP (
= 0.26;
< 0.05) in 2012 and (
= 0.17;
= 0.43) in 2013. BMI among the boys was significantly and positively related to abdominal obesity in 2012 (
= 0.83;
< 0.01) and 2013 (
= 0.91;
< 0.01). For the girls, BMI was significantly and positively related to abdominal obesity (
= 0.49;
< 0.01) and to SBP (
= 0.32;
= 0.05) in 2012. Boys with a higher WC in 2012 had significantly increased DBP (
< 0.05). Boys measured in 2012 with greater WC and BMI show a significant increase in SBP.
BMI was positively related to BP and abdominal obesity over time. Relatively high BMI and abdominal obesity significantly increased the likelihood of elevated BP over time, especially in boys. BMI was a predictor of abdominal obesity in boys, while in girls, BMI was a predictor of both abdominal obesity and SBP. In view of the future health implications of both abdominal obesity and elevated BP, urgent strategic interventions programs aimed at increasing physical activity and advocating for well-balanced dietary practices as well as importance of keeping normal blood pressure among South African adolescents are needed.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 2167-8359</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2167-8359</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9331</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32612883</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: PeerJ. Ltd</publisher><subject>Abdomen ; Abdominal obesity ; Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Age ; Blood pressure ; Body composition ; Body fat ; Body mass index ; Central business districts ; Childhood obesity ; Children ; Children & youth ; Diabetes ; Ethics ; Exercise ; Families & family life ; Hypertension ; Longitudinal studies ; Longitudinal study ; Metabolic Sciences ; Metabolism ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Pediatrics ; Physical activity ; Physiological aspects ; Public Health ; Risk factors ; School dropout programs ; School dropouts ; Socioeconomic factors ; Teenagers ; Urban areas ; Values ; Variance analysis ; Youth</subject><ispartof>PeerJ (San Francisco, CA), 2020-06, Vol.8, p.e9331-e9331, Article e9331</ispartof><rights>2020 Masocha et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 PeerJ. Ltd.</rights><rights>2020 Masocha et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Masocha et al. 2020 Masocha et al.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-5848e2e0fb5ba29f81ee5657714c3fb7e573f051d20cac0a1e4fb7ee8666cf5a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-5848e2e0fb5ba29f81ee5657714c3fb7e573f051d20cac0a1e4fb7ee8666cf5a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2416034465/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2416034465?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32612883$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Masocha, Vincent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Monyeki, Makama Andries</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Czyż, Stanisław H</creatorcontrib><title>Longitudinal relationships between changes in body composition and changes in selected metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity and blood pressure) among South African adolescents</title><title>PeerJ (San Francisco, CA)</title><addtitle>PeerJ</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Incidence of childhood high blood pressure (BP) is increasing worldwide. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between changes in body composition (i.e. body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage body fat) and selected metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity and BP) among adolescents from the Tlokwe municipality in the North West Province of South Africa.
One hundred and eight-six adolescents (81 boys and 105 girls) aged 14 to 16 years participated in the study. Body composition was measured following the International Society of the Advancement of Kinanthropometry standard procedures. BMI, abdominal obesity using WC measurement, and resting BP were determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was calculated to determine changes in anthropometric measures and body composition as well as changes in BP. Additionally, Univariate analysis of variance with repeated measures and participants as a random sample was applied. Diastolic BP (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP) were used as dependent variables and sex, age, BMI, WC, and waist-to-height ratio as independent variables.
Significant changes were found for stature, BMI, body mass, WC, SBP, and DBP. BMI for the total group was significant and positively related to abdominal obesity in 2012 (
= 0.55;
< 0.01) and in 2013 (
= 0.77;
< 0.01) and to SBP (
= 0.26;
< 0.05) in 2012 and (
= 0.17;
= 0.43) in 2013. BMI among the boys was significantly and positively related to abdominal obesity in 2012 (
= 0.83;
< 0.01) and 2013 (
= 0.91;
< 0.01). For the girls, BMI was significantly and positively related to abdominal obesity (
= 0.49;
< 0.01) and to SBP (
= 0.32;
= 0.05) in 2012. Boys with a higher WC in 2012 had significantly increased DBP (
< 0.05). Boys measured in 2012 with greater WC and BMI show a significant increase in SBP.
BMI was positively related to BP and abdominal obesity over time. Relatively high BMI and abdominal obesity significantly increased the likelihood of elevated BP over time, especially in boys. BMI was a predictor of abdominal obesity in boys, while in girls, BMI was a predictor of both abdominal obesity and SBP. In view of the future health implications of both abdominal obesity and elevated BP, urgent strategic interventions programs aimed at increasing physical activity and advocating for well-balanced dietary practices as well as importance of keeping normal blood pressure among South African adolescents are needed.]]></description><subject>Abdomen</subject><subject>Abdominal obesity</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Body composition</subject><subject>Body fat</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Central business districts</subject><subject>Childhood obesity</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Ethics</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Families & family life</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Longitudinal studies</subject><subject>Longitudinal study</subject><subject>Metabolic Sciences</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Physical activity</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>School dropout programs</subject><subject>School dropouts</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Values</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><subject>Youth</subject><issn>2167-8359</issn><issn>2167-8359</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkt-K1DAUxoso7rLujQ8gAUFWYdakadL2ZmFY_LMw4IV6HdL0ZJoxbWqSKvNePqBpZ11nxOQi4eSX7yQfX5Y9J_i6LEn5dgTwu-uaUvIoO88JL1cVZfXjo_1ZdhnCDqdR5RxX9Gl2RnNO8qqi59mvjRu2Jk6tGaRFHqyMxg2hM2NADcSfAANSnRy2EJAZUOPaPVKuH10wM4jk0B6fB7CgIrSohygbZ41C3oRvSEsVnQ_oSjat65deroGksV8UGutci0YPIUweXiPZp1ehz26KHVprb5RMnVpnISgYYniWPdHSBri8Xy-yr-_ffbn9uNp8-nB3u96sFCtxXLGqqCAHrBvWyLzWFQFgnCXbCkV1UwIrqcaMtDlWUmFJoJirUHHOlWaSXmR3B93WyZ0Yveml3wsnjVgKzm-F9NEoC6JKvGJUk5pBgbGquMIEc0wKjTnoImndHLTGqemhnf_hpT0RPT0ZTCe27ocoKalxjpPA1b2Ad98nCFH0JtlhrRzATUHkBalLQuqCJ_TlP-jOTT6ZvlAc06Lg7C-1lekDZtAu9VWzqFjzvKQ1I4wm6vo_VJot9Ea5AbRJ9ZMLr44udCBt7IKz05KrU_DNAVTeheBBP5hBsJizLZZsiznbCX5xbN8D-ifJ9Dfsf_eu</recordid><startdate>20200623</startdate><enddate>20200623</enddate><creator>Masocha, Vincent</creator><creator>Monyeki, Makama Andries</creator><creator>Czyż, Stanisław H</creator><general>PeerJ. 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PeerJ (San Francisco, CA)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Masocha, Vincent</au><au>Monyeki, Makama Andries</au><au>Czyż, Stanisław H</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Longitudinal relationships between changes in body composition and changes in selected metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity and blood pressure) among South African adolescents</atitle><jtitle>PeerJ (San Francisco, CA)</jtitle><addtitle>PeerJ</addtitle><date>2020-06-23</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>8</volume><spage>e9331</spage><epage>e9331</epage><pages>e9331-e9331</pages><artnum>e9331</artnum><issn>2167-8359</issn><eissn>2167-8359</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Incidence of childhood high blood pressure (BP) is increasing worldwide. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between changes in body composition (i.e. body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage body fat) and selected metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity and BP) among adolescents from the Tlokwe municipality in the North West Province of South Africa.
One hundred and eight-six adolescents (81 boys and 105 girls) aged 14 to 16 years participated in the study. Body composition was measured following the International Society of the Advancement of Kinanthropometry standard procedures. BMI, abdominal obesity using WC measurement, and resting BP were determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was calculated to determine changes in anthropometric measures and body composition as well as changes in BP. Additionally, Univariate analysis of variance with repeated measures and participants as a random sample was applied. Diastolic BP (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP) were used as dependent variables and sex, age, BMI, WC, and waist-to-height ratio as independent variables.
Significant changes were found for stature, BMI, body mass, WC, SBP, and DBP. BMI for the total group was significant and positively related to abdominal obesity in 2012 (
= 0.55;
< 0.01) and in 2013 (
= 0.77;
< 0.01) and to SBP (
= 0.26;
< 0.05) in 2012 and (
= 0.17;
= 0.43) in 2013. BMI among the boys was significantly and positively related to abdominal obesity in 2012 (
= 0.83;
< 0.01) and 2013 (
= 0.91;
< 0.01). For the girls, BMI was significantly and positively related to abdominal obesity (
= 0.49;
< 0.01) and to SBP (
= 0.32;
= 0.05) in 2012. Boys with a higher WC in 2012 had significantly increased DBP (
< 0.05). Boys measured in 2012 with greater WC and BMI show a significant increase in SBP.
BMI was positively related to BP and abdominal obesity over time. Relatively high BMI and abdominal obesity significantly increased the likelihood of elevated BP over time, especially in boys. BMI was a predictor of abdominal obesity in boys, while in girls, BMI was a predictor of both abdominal obesity and SBP. In view of the future health implications of both abdominal obesity and elevated BP, urgent strategic interventions programs aimed at increasing physical activity and advocating for well-balanced dietary practices as well as importance of keeping normal blood pressure among South African adolescents are needed.]]></abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>PeerJ. Ltd</pub><pmid>32612883</pmid><doi>10.7717/peerj.9331</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Open Access: PubMed Central; Publicly Available Content (ProQuest) |
| subjects | Abdomen Abdominal obesity Adolescent Adolescents Age Blood pressure Body composition Body fat Body mass index Central business districts Childhood obesity Children Children & youth Diabetes Ethics Exercise Families & family life Hypertension Longitudinal studies Longitudinal study Metabolic Sciences Metabolism Obesity Overweight Pediatrics Physical activity Physiological aspects Public Health Risk factors School dropout programs School dropouts Socioeconomic factors Teenagers Urban areas Values Variance analysis Youth |
| title | Longitudinal relationships between changes in body composition and changes in selected metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity and blood pressure) among South African adolescents |
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