Antiamoebic Properties of Metabolites against Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthia mandrillaris

and are free-living, opportunistic protists, distributed widely in the environment. They are responsible for primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), the fatal central nervous infections with mortality rates exceeding 90%. With the rise of global warmin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antibiotics (Basel) 2022-04, Vol.11 (5), p.539
Main Authors: Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah, Boghossian, Anania, Khatoon, Bushra, Kawish, Muhammad, Alharbi, Ahmad M, Shah, Muhammad Raza, Alfahemi, Hasan, Khan, Naveed Ahmed
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amoeba
anti-amoebic
Balamuthia mandrillaris
Betulinic acid
Cell death
Climate change
Cytotoxicity
Drugs
Encephalitis
Global warming
Health risks
Herbal medicine
Humidity
Infections
Meningoencephalitis
Metabolites
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Mortality
Naegleria fowleri
Natural products
Outdoor activities
Pathogens
plant metabolites
Plants
Rinorea vaundensis
Salvia triloba
Secondary metabolites
Storage tanks
Toxicity
Ursolic acid
Water shortages
Water storage
Water tanks
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Summary:and are free-living, opportunistic protists, distributed widely in the environment. They are responsible for primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), the fatal central nervous infections with mortality rates exceeding 90%. With the rise of global warming and water shortages resulting in water storage in tanks (where these amoebae may reside), the risk of infection is increasing. Currently, as a result of a lack of awareness, many cases may be misdiagnosed. Furthermore, the high mortality rate indicates the lack of effective drugs available. In this study, secondary metabolites from the plants and were tested for their anti-amoebic properties against and Three of the nine compounds showed potent and significant anti-amoebic activities against both and : ursolic acid, betulinic acid, and betulin. Additionally, all compounds depicted limited or minimal toxicity to human cells and were capable of reducing amoeba-mediated host cell death. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit 50% of amoebae growth, the half-maximal effective concentration, and the maximum non-toxic dose against human cells of the compounds were determined. These effective plant-derived compounds should be utilized as potential therapies against infections due to free-living amoebae, but future research is needed to realize these expectations.
ISSN:2079-6382
2079-6382
DOI:10.3390/antibiotics11050539