The Evolving Microbiome of Dental Caries

• Published in: Microorganisms (Basel) 2024-01, Vol.12 (1), p.121
• Main Authors: Spatafora, Grace, Li, Yihong, He, Xuesong, Cowan, Annie, Tanner, Anne C R
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acid production; Acidity; Acidogenic bacteria; Age groups; Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Biofilms; Carbohydrates; caries; Demineralization; Demineralizing; Dental caries; Dental enamel; Diet; Dietary intake; Disease; ecology; Epidemiology; Fluoride treatments; Fluorides; Genetic aspects; Health aspects; Industrialized nations; Infections; Lesions; Metabolism; Metagenomics; microbiology; Microbiomes; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Microorganisms; Mortality; Nanoparticles; Natural history; Older people; Oral hygiene; Physiological aspects; Public health; Review; Risk assessment; Streptococcus mutans; Sugar; Teeth; treatment; War
• ISSN: 2076-2607; 2076-2607
• DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010121

Dental caries is a significant oral and public health problem worldwide, especially in low-income populations. The risk of dental caries increases with frequent intake of dietary carbohydrates, including sugars, leading to increased acidity and disruption of the symbiotic diverse and complex microbial community of health. Excess acid production leads to a dysbiotic shift in the bacterial biofilm composition, demineralization of tooth structure, and cavities. Highly acidic and acid-tolerant species associated with caries include , , , , and species. The differences in microbiotas depend on tooth site, extent of carious lesions, and rate of disease progression. Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics not only reveal the structure and genetic potential of the caries-associated microbiome, but, more importantly, capture the genetic makeup of the metabolically active microbiome in lesion sites. Due to its multifactorial nature, caries has been difficult to prevent. The use of topical fluoride has had a significant impact on reducing caries in clinical settings, but the approach is costly; the results are less sustainable for high-caries-risk individuals, especially children. Developing treatment regimens that specifically target and other acidogenic bacteria, such as using nanoparticles, show promise in altering the cariogenic microbiome, thereby combatting the disease.