Drug-induced gingival overgrowth: A critical insight into case reports from over two decades

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is a well-recognized adverse effect of certain systemic medications. Calcium channel blockers, anticonvulsants, and immunosuppressants are frequently implicated drugs in the etiology of DIGO. Drug variables, plaque-induced inflammation, and genetic factors are...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2016-09, Vol.20 (5), p.496-502
Main Authors: Samudrala, Pramod, Chava, Vijay Kumar, Chandana, Tanguturi Sri, Suresh, Rachakonda
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anticonvulsants
calcium channel blockers
Calcium channels
Complications and side effects
dental plaque
drug-induced gingival overgrowth
genetic factors
immunosuppressants
Immunosuppressive agents
oral hygiene
Review
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Summary:Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is a well-recognized adverse effect of certain systemic medications. Calcium channel blockers, anticonvulsants, and immunosuppressants are frequently implicated drugs in the etiology of DIGO. Drug variables, plaque-induced inflammation, and genetic factors are the three important factors in the expression of gingival changes after systemic medication use. Careful clinical examination and thorough history taking form the basis for diagnosis of DIGO. Histopathological examination is often neglected; however, it is an important aid that helps in differential diagnosis. Cessation or change of drug and meticulous plaque control often leads to regression of the lesion, which however might need surgical correction for optimal maintenance of gingival health. The purpose of the present article is to review case reports and case series published in the last two decades and to assimilate and compile the information for clinical applications such as diagnosis and therapeutic management of DIGO.
ISSN:0972-124X
0975-1580
DOI:10.4103/jisp.jisp_265_15