Innate Immune Response against Hepatitis C Virus: Targets for Vaccine Adjuvants

Despite successful treatments, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections continue to be a significant world health problem. High treatment costs, the high number of undiagnosed individuals, and the difficulty to access to treatment, particularly in marginalized susceptible populations, make it improbable t...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccines (Basel) 2020-06, Vol.8 (2), p.313
Main Authors: Sepulveda-Crespo, Daniel, Resino, Salvador, Martinez, Isidoro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adjuvant
Adjuvants
Antigen-presenting cells
Antigens
Critical components
Cytokines
Dendritic cells
Genes
Genetic diversity
Genomes
Glycoproteins
HCV
Hepatitis
Hepatitis C
Hepatocytes
Immune response
Immune response (cell-mediated)
Immune system
Immunity
Immunization
Immunogenicity
Infections
innate immune response
Innate immunity
Interferon
Kupffer cells
Liver cancer
Lymphocytes B
Pattern recognition
Pattern recognition receptors
PRRs
Receptors
Review
Structural proteins
Toll-like receptors
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
vaccine
Vaccine development
Vaccines
Viral infections
Viruses
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Despite successful treatments, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections continue to be a significant world health problem. High treatment costs, the high number of undiagnosed individuals, and the difficulty to access to treatment, particularly in marginalized susceptible populations, make it improbable to achieve the global control of the virus in the absence of an effective preventive vaccine. Current vaccine development is mostly focused on weakly immunogenic subunits, such as surface glycoproteins or non-structural proteins, in the case of HCV. Adjuvants are critical components of vaccine formulations that increase immunogenic performance. As we learn more information about how adjuvants work, it is becoming clear that proper stimulation of innate immunity is crucial to achieving a successful immunization. Several hepatic cell types participate in the early innate immune response and the subsequent inflammation and activation of the adaptive response, principally hepatocytes, and antigen-presenting cells (Kupffer cells, and dendritic cells). Innate pattern recognition receptors on these cells, mainly toll-like receptors, are targets for new promising adjuvants. Moreover, complex adjuvants that stimulate different components of the innate immunity are showing encouraging results and are being incorporated in current vaccines. Recent studies on HCV-vaccine adjuvants have shown that the induction of a strong T- and B-cell immune response might be enhanced by choosing the right adjuvant.
ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines8020313