HLA-transgenic mouse models to study autoimmune central nervous system diseases

It is known that certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are associated with autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), but their exact role in disease susceptibility and etiopathogenesis remains unclear. The best studied HLA-associated autoimmune CNS dise...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Autoimmunity (Chur, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-12, Vol.57 (1), p.2387414
Main Authors: Pressley, Kyle R, Schwegman, Lance, Montes De Oca Arena, Maria, Chase Huizar, Carol, Zamvil, Scott S, Forsthuber, Thomas G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
animal model
Animals
Autoimmune Diseases - genetics
Autoimmune Diseases - immunology
Central Nervous System Diseases - genetics
Central Nervous System Diseases - immunology
Disease Models, Animal
HLA
HLA Antigens - genetics
HLA Antigens - immunology
Humans
Mice
Mice, Transgenic
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis - genetics
Multiple Sclerosis - immunology
neuroinflammation
Neuromyelitis Optica - genetics
Neuromyelitis Optica - immunology
transgenic
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Summary:It is known that certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are associated with autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), but their exact role in disease susceptibility and etiopathogenesis remains unclear. The best studied HLA-associated autoimmune CNS disease is MS, and thus will be the primary focus of this review. Other HLA-associated autoimmune CNS diseases, such as autoimmune encephalitis and neuromyelitis optica will be discussed. The lack of animal models to accurately capture the complex human autoimmune response remains a major challenge. HLA transgenic ( ) mice provide researchers with powerful tools to investigate the underlying mechanisms promoting susceptibility and progression of HLA-associated autoimmune CNS diseases, as well as for elucidating the myelin epitopes potentially targeted by T cells in autoimmune disease patients. We will discuss the potential role(s) of autoimmune disease-associated alleles in autoimmune CNS diseases and highlight information provided by studies using HLA mice to investigate the underlying pathological mechanisms and opportunities to use these models for development of novel therapies.
ISSN:1607-842X
0891-6934
1607-842X
DOI:10.1080/08916934.2024.2387414