Current understanding of epigenetics role in melanoma treatment and resistance

Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer resulting from genetic mutations in melanocytes. Several factors have been considered to be involved in melanoma progression, including genetic alteration, processes of damaged DNA repair, and changes in mechanisms of cell growth and proliferation....

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Published in:Cancer cell international 2022-10, Vol.22 (1), p.313-23, Article 313
Main Authors: Karami Fath, Mohsen, Azargoonjahromi, Ali, Soofi, Asma, Almasi, Faezeh, Hosseinzadeh, Shahnaz, Khalili, Saeed, Sheikhi, Kamran, Ferdousmakan, Saeid, Owrangi, Soroor, Fahimi, Minoovash, Zalpoor, Hamidreza, Nabi Afjadi, Mohsen, Payandeh, Zahra, Pourzardosht, Navid
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cell differentiation
Cell growth
DNA repair
Drug resistance
Epigenetics
Immunotherapy
Kinases
Melanocytes
Melanoma
miRNA
Mutation
Review
Risk factors
Skin cancer
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Summary:Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer resulting from genetic mutations in melanocytes. Several factors have been considered to be involved in melanoma progression, including genetic alteration, processes of damaged DNA repair, and changes in mechanisms of cell growth and proliferation. Epigenetics is the other factor with a crucial role in melanoma development. Epigenetic changes have become novel targets for treating patients suffering from melanoma. These changes can alter the expression of microRNAs and their interaction with target genes, which involves cell growth, differentiation, or even death. Given these circumstances, we conducted the present review to discuss the melanoma risk factors and represent the current knowledge about the factors related to its etiopathogenesis. Moreover, various epigenetic pathways, which are involved in melanoma progression, treatment, and chemo-resistance, as well as employed epigenetic factors as a solution to the problems, will be discussed in detail.
ISSN:1475-2867
1475-2867
DOI:10.1186/s12935-022-02738-0