Interplay between the Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Ubiquitin-Mediated Autophagy in Plants

All eukaryotes rely on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy to control the abundance of key regulatory proteins and maintain a healthy intracellular environment. In the UPS, damaged or superfluous proteins are ubiquitinated and degraded in the proteasome, mediated by three types of ub...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-10, Vol.9 (10), p.2219
Main Authors: Su, Tong, Yang, Mingyue, Wang, Pingping, Zhao, Yanxiu, Ma, Changle
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abiotic stress
Abscisic acid
Autophagy
Cellular stress response
Cold
degradation
Enzymes
Gene expression
Genomes
Homeostasis
Kinases
Organelles
Phagocytosis
Physiology
plants
Proteasome 26S
Proteasomes
Proteins
Regulatory proteins
Review
Roles
the ubiquitin-proteasome system
Transcription factors
Ubiquitin
Ubiquitination
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Summary:All eukaryotes rely on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy to control the abundance of key regulatory proteins and maintain a healthy intracellular environment. In the UPS, damaged or superfluous proteins are ubiquitinated and degraded in the proteasome, mediated by three types of ubiquitin enzymes: E1s (ubiquitin activating enzymes), E2s (ubiquitin conjugating enzymes), and E3s (ubiquitin protein ligases). Conversely, in autophagy, a vesicular autophagosome is formed that transfers damaged proteins and organelles to the vacuole, mediated by a series of ATGs (autophagy related genes). Despite the use of two completely different componential systems, the UPS and autophagy are closely interconnected and mutually regulated. During autophagy, ATG8 proteins, which are autophagosome markers, decorate the autophagosome membrane similarly to ubiquitination of damaged proteins. Ubiquitin is also involved in many selective autophagy processes and is thus a common factor of the UPS and autophagy. Additionally, the components of the UPS, such as the 26S proteasome, can be degraded via autophagy, and conversely, ATGs can be degraded by the UPS, indicating cross regulation between the two pathways. The UPS and autophagy cooperate and jointly regulate homeostasis of cellular components during plant development and stress response.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells9102219