Direct Integration of 3D Printing and Cryogel Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Cryogels, known for their biocompatibility and porous structure, lack mechanical strength, while 3D-printed scaffolds have excellent mechanical properties but limited porosity resolution. By combining a 3D-printed plastic gyroid lattice scaffold with a chitosan–gelatin cryogel scaffold, a scaffold c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bioengineering (Basel) 2023-07, Vol.10 (8), p.889
Main Authors: Olevsky, Levi M, Anup, Amritha, Jacques, Mason, Keokominh, Nadia, Holmgren, Eric P, Hixon, Katherine R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3-D printers
3D printing
Angiogenesis
Biocompatibility
Bioengineering
bone graft substitute
Bones
Chitosan
cryogel
Cytotoxicity
Density
Gelatin
gyroid
Hypotheses
Mechanical properties
Physical properties
Pore size
Porosity
scaffold
Scaffolds
Skin & tissue grafts
Swelling ratio
Technology application
Three dimensional printing
Tissue engineering
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Summary:Cryogels, known for their biocompatibility and porous structure, lack mechanical strength, while 3D-printed scaffolds have excellent mechanical properties but limited porosity resolution. By combining a 3D-printed plastic gyroid lattice scaffold with a chitosan–gelatin cryogel scaffold, a scaffold can be created that balances the advantages of both fabrication methods. This study compared the pore diameter, swelling potential, mechanical characteristics, and cellular infiltration capability of combined scaffolds and control cryogels. The incorporation of the 3D-printed lattice demonstrated patient-specific geometry capabilities and significantly improved mechanical strength compared to the control cryogel. The combined scaffolds exhibited similar porosity and relative swelling ratio to the control cryogels. However, they had reduced elasticity, reduced absolute swelling capacity, and are potentially cytotoxic, which may affect their performance. This paper presents a novel approach to combine two scaffold types to retain the advantages of each scaffold type while mitigating their shortcomings.
ISSN:2306-5354
2306-5354
DOI:10.3390/bioengineering10080889