A Review of the Actions of Endogenous and Exogenous Vasoactive Substances during the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy in Rats

Vascular endothelium plays a key role in regulating cardiovascular homeostasis by controlling the vascular tone. Variations in sex hormones during the reproductive cycle of females affect the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Also, the evidence shows that estrogens show a cardioprotective ef...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Animals (Basel) 2019-05, Vol.9 (6), p.288
Main Authors: Jaimes, Luisauris, Vinet, Raúl, Knox, Marcela, Morales, Bernardo, Benites, Julio, Laurido, Claudio, Martínez, José L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetylcholine
Blood platelets
Blood pressure
cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular system
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell growth
Coronary vessels
Cytokines
endothelial cells
Endothelium
Enzymes
Estrogens
estrous cycle
Estrus cycle
Females
Growth factors
Homeostasis
Hormones
Norepinephrine
Optimization
Ovariectomy
Peptides
Pregnancy
Reproductive cycle
Review
Scientific papers
Sex hormones
Smooth muscle
vascular reactivity
Vasoactive agents
vasoactive substances
Womens health
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Summary:Vascular endothelium plays a key role in regulating cardiovascular homeostasis by controlling the vascular tone. Variations in sex hormones during the reproductive cycle of females affect the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Also, the evidence shows that estrogens show a cardioprotective effect. On this basis, this study describes some vascular responses induced by vasoactive substances during the estrous cycle in rats. We obtained the information available on this topic from the online databases that included scientific articles published in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scielo. Many investigations have evaluated the vasoactive response of substances such as acetylcholine and norepinephrine during the estrous cycle. In this review, we specifically described the vascular response to vasoactive substances in rats during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and in ovariectomized rats. In addition, we discussed the existence of different signaling pathways that modulate vascular function. The knowledge of these effects is relevant for the optimization and development of new treatments for some vascular pathologies.
ISSN:2076-2615
2076-2615
DOI:10.3390/ani9060288