Optimizing Sampling Technique Parameters for Increased Precision and Practicality in Annual Bluegrass Weevil Population Monitoring

The annual bluegrass weevil (ABW), (Kirby), a significant pest of short-mown turfgrass in eastern North America, has developed widespread insecticide resistance because of excessive synthetic insecticide use. The proper monitoring of this pest may reduce insecticide applications in time and space. T...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Insects (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-05, Vol.14 (6), p.509
Main Authors: de Sousa, Ana Luiza Viana, Kostromytska, Olga S, Wu, Shaohui, Koppenhöfer, Albrecht M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adults
Air flow
Analysis
annual bluegrass weevil
Body height
Diseases and pests
Efficiency
Experiments
extraction
Flushing
Golf courses
Insect populations
Insecticide resistance
Insecticides
Insects
Leaves
Methods
Monitoring
Monitoring methods
Mowing
Optimization
Pesticide resistance
Pests
Recovery
Sampling
Sampling methods
Soaps
Time of use
turfgrass
Turfgrasses
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Summary:The annual bluegrass weevil (ABW), (Kirby), a significant pest of short-mown turfgrass in eastern North America, has developed widespread insecticide resistance because of excessive synthetic insecticide use. The proper monitoring of this pest may reduce insecticide applications in time and space. This study evaluated three sampling methods (soap flushing, vacuuming, and mowing) in golf course greens and fairways for monitoring adult ABW. Soap flushing was the most efficient method, especially with an 0.8% solution in two portions of 500 mL, extracting over 75% of the adults, and the extraction efficiency was not affected by the temperature or time of day. Vacuuming was more effective for recovering adult ABWs on greens (4-29% extracted) than on fairways (2-4%) but was not affected by the time of day. The extraction of adult ABWs in mower clippings was significantly affected by mowing height (higher recovery from greens versus fairways), and the efficiency decreased with the temperature. Adding a brush to the mower increased adult removal (from 15% to 24%) in greens at higher temperatures (18-25 °C); 70% of adults recovered in the clippings were unharmed. Overall, our findings suggest that soap flushing should be the preferred method for monitoring adult ABWs, and vacuuming might be a viable alternative for greens.
ISSN:2075-4450
2075-4450
DOI:10.3390/insects14060509