SVSL: A Human Activity Recognition Method Using Soft-Voting and Self-Learning

• Published in: Algorithms 2021-08, Vol.14 (8), p.245
• Main Author: Albeshri, Aiiad
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accelerometers; Accuracy; Algorithms; Artificial intelligence; Cameras; Child care; COVID-19; Datasets; Decision making; Decision trees; Deep learning; Distance learning; Edge computing; ensemble methods; Generalized linear models; Global positioning systems; GPS; Human activity recognition; human activity recognition (HAR); Internet of Things; Machine learning; Methods; Moving object recognition; Robotics; Sensors; Smart cities; Smartphones; smartwatches; Statistical models; Support vector machines; Surveillance; Training; Voting; Wearable computers
• ISSN: 1999-4893; 1999-4893
• DOI: 10.3390/a14080245

Many smart city and society applications such as smart health (elderly care, medical applications), smart surveillance, sports, and robotics require the recognition of user activities, an important class of problems known as human activity recognition (HAR). Several issues have hindered progress in HAR research, particularly due to the emergence of fog and edge computing, which brings many new opportunities (a low latency, dynamic and real-time decision making, etc.) but comes with its challenges. This paper focuses on addressing two important research gaps in HAR research: (i) improving the HAR prediction accuracy and (ii) managing the frequent changes in the environment and data related to user activities. To address this, we propose an HAR method based on Soft-Voting and Self-Learning (SVSL). SVSL uses two strategies. First, to enhance accuracy, it combines the capabilities of Deep Learning (DL), Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Random Forest (RF), and AdaBoost classifiers using soft-voting. Second, to classify the most challenging data instances, the SVSL method is equipped with a self-training mechanism that generates training data and retrains itself. We investigate the performance of our proposed SVSL method using two publicly available datasets on six human activities related to lying, sitting, and walking positions. The first dataset consists of 562 features and the second dataset consists of five features. The data are collected using the accelerometer and gyroscope smartphone sensors. The results show that the proposed method provides 6.26%, 1.75%, 1.51%, and 4.40% better prediction accuracy (average over the two datasets) compared to GLM, DL, RF, and AdaBoost, respectively. We also analyze and compare the class-wise performance of the SVSL methods with that of DL, GLM, RF, and AdaBoost.