Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune thyroid disease, which is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with two presentation phenotypes: hyperthyroidism (Graves-Basedow disease) and hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroiditis). Hashimoto's thyroiditis is distinguish...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-03, Vol.12 (6), p.918
Main Author: Vargas-Uricoechea, Hernando
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Autoantibodies
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune Diseases - complications
autoimmunity
Development and progression
Environmental factors
Epigenetics
Genes
genetic
Genetic aspects
Graves Disease
Graves-Basedow
Hashimoto
Hashimoto Disease - genetics
Hashimoto Disease - pathology
Humans
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Immune system
Iodide peroxidase
Molecular modelling
pathogenesis
Pathogens
Peptides
Phenotypes
Review
Thyroglobulin
thyroid
Thyroid diseases
Thyroid Diseases - genetics
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Thyroiditis
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Summary:The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune thyroid disease, which is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with two presentation phenotypes: hyperthyroidism (Graves-Basedow disease) and hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroiditis). Hashimoto's thyroiditis is distinguished by the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Meanwhile, autoantibodies against the TSH receptor have been found in Graves-Basedow disease. Numerous susceptibility genes, as well as epigenetic and environmental factors, contribute to the pathogenesis of both diseases. This review summarizes the most common genetic, epigenetic, and environmental mechanisms involved in autoimmune thyroid disease.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells12060918