Insulin resistance indexes of grazing cows and mineral or vitamin supplementation under tropical conditions

• Published in: Open veterinary journal (Tripoli, Libya) Libya), 2021-01, Vol.11 (4), p.587-597
• Main Authors: Alegría, Katherine García, Gaona, Rómulo Campos, Terranova, Mauricio Vélez, Hernández, Erika Andrea
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; dairy cows; Diet - veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; metabolism; Minerals; nutrition factors; Original Research; transition period; Triiodothyronine; Tropical Climate; Vitamins
• ISSN: 2226-4485; 2218-6050
• DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.8

During the transition period in dairy cows, metabolic changes occur, many of which are related to energy metabolism, which causes metabolic diseases or productive alterations. The objective of the present work was to evaluate two mineral and vitamin supplementations related to metabolic regulation mechanisms associated with insulin during the transition period and the first phase of lactation in grazing cows under tropical conditions through metabolic indicators and insulin resistance indexes. Twenty-one animals were distributed in three groups: control (CTR), iodine supplementation (SUPP-1), and mixed mineral and vitamin supplementation (SUPP-2). The experimental period was from day 30 prepartum to day 45 postpartum. Evaluation of the body condition score and the blood samples' collection by coccygeal venipuncture was carried out for serum analysis of metabolites, such as beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and hormones, such as insulin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and cortisol. Variables related to energy and hormone metabolism were analyzed. Four proposed indexes were calculated to identify insulin resistance: Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, and QUICKI-BHB. Through linear regression, the effect of metabolites and hormones on the indexes of insulin resistance studied was estimated. The groups with supplementation did not show significant changes in the mobilization of body reserves, NEFA, or triiodothyronine for interaction between treatments and periods. HOMA and QUICKI indexes used to estimate insulin resistance showed an inverse correlation (-0.97;