Prevalence of dry eye, its categorization (Dry Eye Workshop II), and pathological correlation: A tertiary care study

Purpose: To study the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED), further categorize using DEWS II protocol, grade squamous metaplasia in each group, and determine associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study screened 897 patients ≥30 years via sys...

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Published in:Indian journal of ophthalmology 2023-04, Vol.71 (4), p.1454-1458
Main Authors: Bhatt, Kriti, Singh, Satyaprakash, Singh, Kamaljeet, Kumar, Santosh, Dwivedi, Kshama
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
Cataracts
categorization
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cytology
dews ii
Diagnosis
dry eye
Dry eye syndromes
Dry Eye Syndromes - diagnosis
Dry Eye Syndromes - epidemiology
Dry Eye Syndromes - metabolism
Eye diseases
Female
Humans
impression cytology
Metaplasia
Middle Aged
Original
Patients
Prevalence
Risk factors
Statistical analysis
Statistical sampling
Statistics
Tears - metabolism
Tertiary Healthcare
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creator Bhatt, Kriti
Singh, Satyaprakash
Singh, Kamaljeet
Kumar, Santosh
Dwivedi, Kshama
description Purpose: To study the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED), further categorize using DEWS II protocol, grade squamous metaplasia in each group, and determine associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study screened 897 patients ≥30 years via systematic random sampling. Patients with both symptoms and signs as defined by the Dry Eye Workshop II protocol were considered as DED, further categorized, and subjected to impression cytology. Categorical data were assessed using the Chi-square test. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In total, 265 (of 897) patients were defined as DED based on the presence of symptoms (DEQ-5 ≥6) and at least one positive sign (fluorescein breakup time [FBUT]
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Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study screened 897 patients ≥30 years via systematic random sampling. Patients with both symptoms and signs as defined by the Dry Eye Workshop II protocol were considered as DED, further categorized, and subjected to impression cytology. Categorical data were assessed using the Chi-square test. P value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In total, 265 (of 897) patients were defined as DED based on the presence of symptoms (DEQ-5 ≥6) and at least one positive sign (fluorescein breakup time [FBUT] &lt;10 s or OSS ≥4). DED prevalence was thus 29.5% with aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE), evaporative dry eye (EDE), and mixed type seen in 92 (34.71%), 105 (39.62%), and 68 (25.7%) patients, respectively. The risk of developing dry eye was higher in the age above 60 years (33.74%) and in the third decade. Females, urban dwellers, diabetics, smokers, history of previous cataract surgery, and usage of visual display terminal devices were found to be significantly associated with risk factors of DED. Squamous metaplasia and goblet cell loss were more severe in mixed compared to EDE and ADDE. Conclusion: Hospital-based prevalence of DED is 29.5% with a preponderance of EDE (EDE 39.62%, ADDE 34.71%, and mixed 25.71%). A higher grade of squamous metaplasia was seen in the mixed type compared to other sub-types.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0301-4738</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1998-3689</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2591_22</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37026281</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>India: Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. 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Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c680n-a76643765075edd1ac8a7e64718f5f95727a86a9c0f351b826478ceb3401c83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c680n-a76643765075edd1ac8a7e64718f5f95727a86a9c0f351b826478ceb3401c83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276703/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2803273593?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37026281$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bhatt, Kriti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Satyaprakash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Kamaljeet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Santosh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dwivedi, Kshama</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence of dry eye, its categorization (Dry Eye Workshop II), and pathological correlation: A tertiary care study</title><title>Indian journal of ophthalmology</title><addtitle>Indian J Ophthalmol</addtitle><description>Purpose: To study the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED), further categorize using DEWS II protocol, grade squamous metaplasia in each group, and determine associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital. 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Females, urban dwellers, diabetics, smokers, history of previous cataract surgery, and usage of visual display terminal devices were found to be significantly associated with risk factors of DED. Squamous metaplasia and goblet cell loss were more severe in mixed compared to EDE and ADDE. Conclusion: Hospital-based prevalence of DED is 29.5% with a preponderance of EDE (EDE 39.62%, ADDE 34.71%, and mixed 25.71%). 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Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study screened 897 patients ≥30 years via systematic random sampling. Patients with both symptoms and signs as defined by the Dry Eye Workshop II protocol were considered as DED, further categorized, and subjected to impression cytology. Categorical data were assessed using the Chi-square test. P value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In total, 265 (of 897) patients were defined as DED based on the presence of symptoms (DEQ-5 ≥6) and at least one positive sign (fluorescein breakup time [FBUT] &lt;10 s or OSS ≥4). DED prevalence was thus 29.5% with aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE), evaporative dry eye (EDE), and mixed type seen in 92 (34.71%), 105 (39.62%), and 68 (25.7%) patients, respectively. The risk of developing dry eye was higher in the age above 60 years (33.74%) and in the third decade. Females, urban dwellers, diabetics, smokers, history of previous cataract surgery, and usage of visual display terminal devices were found to be significantly associated with risk factors of DED. Squamous metaplasia and goblet cell loss were more severe in mixed compared to EDE and ADDE. Conclusion: Hospital-based prevalence of DED is 29.5% with a preponderance of EDE (EDE 39.62%, ADDE 34.71%, and mixed 25.71%). A higher grade of squamous metaplasia was seen in the mixed type compared to other sub-types.</abstract><cop>India</cop><pub>Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd</pub><pmid>37026281</pmid><doi>10.4103/IJO.IJO_2591_22</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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ispartof Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2023-04, Vol.71 (4), p.1454-1458
issn 0301-4738
1998-3689
language eng
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source Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central
subjects Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
Cataracts
categorization
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cytology
dews ii
Diagnosis
dry eye
Dry eye syndromes
Dry Eye Syndromes - diagnosis
Dry Eye Syndromes - epidemiology
Dry Eye Syndromes - metabolism
Eye diseases
Female
Humans
impression cytology
Metaplasia
Middle Aged
Original
Patients
Prevalence
Risk factors
Statistical analysis
Statistical sampling
Statistics
Tears - metabolism
Tertiary Healthcare
title Prevalence of dry eye, its categorization (Dry Eye Workshop II), and pathological correlation: A tertiary care study
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