Application of Monoclonal Anti-Mycolate Antibodies in Serological Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Patient loss to follow-up caused by centralised and expensive diagnostics that are reliant on sputum is a major obstacle in the fight to end tuberculosis. An affordable, non-sputum biomarker-based, point-of-care deployable test is needed to address this. Serum antibodies binding the mycobacterial ce...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Tropical medicine and infectious disease 2024-11, Vol.9 (11), p.269
Main Authors: Truyts, Alma, Du Preez, Ilse, Maesela, Eldas M, Scriba, Manfred R, Baillie, Les, Jones, Arwyn T, Land, Kevin J, Verschoor, Jan A, Lemmer, Yolandy
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Antigens
BCG
BCG vaccines
biomarker
Biomarkers
Competition
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immunoassay
Infections
lateral flow immunoassay
Lipids
mycolic acid
non-sputum-based diagnosis
Patients
point-of-care
Serology
Tuberculosis
Viral antibodies
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Summary:Patient loss to follow-up caused by centralised and expensive diagnostics that are reliant on sputum is a major obstacle in the fight to end tuberculosis. An affordable, non-sputum biomarker-based, point-of-care deployable test is needed to address this. Serum antibodies binding the mycobacterial cell wall lipids, mycolic acids, have shown promise as biomarkers for active tuberculosis. However, anti-lipid antibodies are of low affinity, making them difficult to detect in a lateral flow immunoassay-a technology widely deployed at the point-of-care. Previously, recombinant monoclonal anti-mycolate antibodies were developed and applied to characterise the antigenicity of mycolic acid. We now demonstrate that these anti-mycolate antibodies specifically detect hexane extracts of mycobacteria. Secondary antibody-mediated detection was applied to detect the displacement of the monoclonal mycolate antibodies by the anti-mycolic acid antibodies present in tuberculosis-positive guinea pig and human serum samples. These data establish proof-of-concept for a novel lateral flow immunoassay for tuberculosis provisionally named MALIA-mycolate antibody lateral flow immunoassay.
ISSN:2414-6366
2414-6366
DOI:10.3390/tropicalmed9110269