Analysis and optimization of a modified Kalina cycle system for low-grade heat utilization

• Published in: Energy conversion and management. X 2021-12, Vol.12, p.100121, Article 100121
• Main Authors: Masrur Hossain, Mohammad, Afnan Ahmed, Niyaz, Abid Shahriyar, Md, Monjurul Ehsan, M., Riaz, Fahid, Salehin, Sayedus, Awais Salman, Chaudhary
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ammonia; Ammonium hydroxide; Cycle systems; Kalina cycle; Kalina cycle system; Low grade; Low-grade thermal source; Lowgrade heat source (LGHS); Multi-phase expander; Optimisations; Power; Regenerators; Thermal source; Thermoanalysis; Thermodynamic analysis
• ISSN: 2590-1745; 2590-1745
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2021.100121

•A significant amount of energy can be extracted from a lean ammonia water loop.•In all thermodynamic analyses, the proposed X-modification outperforms KCS-34.•Maximum exergy destruction of the working substance is observed in the condenser.•For a fixed ammonia mass fraction, an optimum turbine inlet pressure is observed. Kalina cycle system (KCS) offers an attractive prospect to produce power by utilizing low-grade heat sources where traditional power cycles cannot be implemented. Intending to explore the potential of exploiting low-grade heat sources for conversion to electrical energy, this study proposes two modified power generation cycles based on KCS-34. A multi-phase expander is positioned between the Kalina separator and the second heat regenerator in the proposed X-modification. In contrast, it is located between the mixer and second regenerator for Y-modification. To explore the potential benefits and limitations of the proposed modifications contrasted with the KCS-34, thermodynamic modeling and optimization have been conducted. The influence of critical decision parameters on overall cycle performance is analyzed. The result elucidates that by implementing an additional multi-phase expander, a significant amount of energy can be extracted from a lean ammonia water loop and X-modification can deliver superior thermodynamic performance compared with the Y-modification and the original KCS-34. With a reduced turbine inlet pressure of 58 bar and an ammonia concentration of 80%, the X-modified cycle's efficiency reaches a peak value of 17% and a net power yield of 1015 kW. An increase of 6.35% can be achieved compared with the conventional KCS-34 operating at the same conditions. Maximum exergy destruction of the working substance was observed in the condenser.