Human inherited complete STAT2 deficiency underlies inflammatory viral diseases

• Published in: The Journal of clinical investigation 2023-06, Vol.133 (12)
• Main Authors: Bucciol, Giorgia, Moens, Leen, Ogishi, Masato, Rinchai, Darawan, Matuozzo, Daniela, Momenilandi, Mana, Kerrouche, Nacim, Cale, Catherine M, Treffeisen, Elsa R, Al Salamah, Mohammad, Al-Saud, Bandar K, Lachaux, Alain, Duclaux-Loras, Remi, Meignien, Marie, Bousfiha, Aziz, Benhsaien, Ibtihal, Shcherbina, Anna, Roppelt, Anna, Gothe, Florian, Houhou-Fidouh, Nadhira, Hackett, Scott J, Bartnikas, Lisa M, Maciag, Michelle C, Alosaimi, Mohammed F, Chou, Janet, Mohammed, Reem W, Freij, Bishara J, Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Zhang, Shen-Ying, Boisson-Dupuis, Stephanie, Béziat, Vivien, Zhang, Qian, Duncan, Christopher Ja, Hambleton, Sophie, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Meyts, Isabelle
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alleles; Bacterial pneumonia; BCG; BCG vaccines; Causes of; Child, Preschool; Complications and side effects; COVID-19; Development and progression; Encephalitis; Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex; Genetic aspects; Genetic disorders; Health aspects; Humans; Immunology; Inflammation; Influenza; Influenza vaccines; Influenza, Human; Pneumonia; Risk factors; STAT proteins; STAT1 Transcription Factor - genetics; STAT1 Transcription Factor - metabolism; STAT2 Transcription Factor - genetics; T cells; Virus diseases; Virus Diseases - genetics
• ISSN: 1558-8238; 0021-9738; 1558-8238
• DOI: 10.1172/JCI168321

STAT2 is a transcription factor activated by type I and III IFNs. We report 23 patients with loss-of-function variants causing autosomal recessive (AR) complete STAT2 deficiency. Both cells transfected with mutant STAT2 alleles and the patients' cells displayed impaired expression of IFN-stimulated genes and impaired control of in vitro viral infections. Clinical manifestations from early childhood onward included severe adverse reaction to live attenuated viral vaccines (LAV) and severe viral infections, particularly critical influenza pneumonia, critical COVID-19 pneumonia, and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis. The patients displayed various types of hyperinflammation, often triggered by viral infection or after LAV administration, which probably attested to unresolved viral infection in the absence of STAT2-dependent types I and III IFN immunity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that circulating monocytes, neutrophils, and CD8+ memory T cells contributed to this inflammation. Several patients died from viral infection or heart failure during a febrile illness with no identified etiology. Notably, the highest mortality occurred during early childhood. These findings show that AR complete STAT2 deficiency underlay severe viral diseases and substantially impacts survival.