Facile Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots from Palm Kernel Shell Precursor

Carbon dots (CDs), a nanomaterial synthesized from organic precursors rich in carbon content with excellent fluorescent property, are in high demand for many purposes, including sensing and biosensing applications. This research focused on preparing CDs from natural and abundant waste, palm kernel s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied sciences 2021-02, Vol.11 (4), p.1630
Main Authors: Newman Monday, Yakubu, Abdullah, Jaafar, Yusof, Nor Azah, Abdul Rashid, Suraya, Shueb, Rafidah Hanim
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ablation
Batch reactors
Biomass
Biosensors
Carbon
Carbon dots
Cellulose
Decomposition
Diffraction patterns
dopants
Ethylenediamine
Fluorescence
Fruits
Functional groups
Graphene
Image transmission
Lignin
Nanomaterials
Nitrogen
palm kernel shell
Palm oil
Particle size
Phenylalanine
Photoluminescence
Photons
Physicochemical properties
Polymerization
Pore size
Precursors
Quantum dots
quantum yield
Spectrophotometry
Transmission electron microscopy
X-ray diffraction
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Summary:Carbon dots (CDs), a nanomaterial synthesized from organic precursors rich in carbon content with excellent fluorescent property, are in high demand for many purposes, including sensing and biosensing applications. This research focused on preparing CDs from natural and abundant waste, palm kernel shells (PKS) obtained from palm oil biomass, aiming for sensing and biosensing applications. Ethylenediamine and L-phenylalanine doped CDs were produced via the hydrothermal and solvothermal methods using one-pot synthesis techniques in an autoclave batch reactor. The as-prepared N-CDs shows excellent photoluminescence (PL) property and a quantum yield (QY) of 13.7% for ethylenediamine (EDA) doped N-CDs (CDs-EDA) and 8.6% for L-phenylalanine (L-Ph) doped N-CDs (CDs-LPh) with an excitation/emission wavelength of 360 nm/450 nm. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the N-CDs have an average particle size of 2 nm for both CDs. UV-Visible spectrophotometric results showed C=C and C=O transition. FTIR results show and confirm the presence of functional groups, such as -OH, -C=O, -NH2 on the N-CDs, and the X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the N-CDs were crystalline, depicted with sharp peaks. This research work demonstrated that palm kernel shell biomass often thrown away as waste can produce CDs with excellent physicochemical properties.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app11041630