Recent Advances in the HPPH-Based Third-Generation Photodynamic Agents in Biomedical Applications

Photodynamic therapy has emerged as a recognized anti-tumor treatment involving three fundamental elements: photosensitizers, light, and reactive oxygen species. Enhancing the effectiveness of photosensitizers remains the primary avenue for improving the biological therapeutic outcomes of PDT. Throu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2023-12, Vol.24 (24), p.17404
Main Authors: Fan, Lixiao, Jiang, Zheng, Xiong, Yu, Xu, Zepeng, Yang, Xin, Gu, Deying, Ainiwaer, Mailudan, Li, Leyu, Liu, Jun, Chen, Fei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cancer therapies
Cell death
Chemotherapy
Cytotoxicity
HPPH
Light
photodynamic
Photodynamic therapy
photosensitizer
R&D
Radiation
Reactive oxygen species
Research & development
third generation
Toxicity
Tumors
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Summary:Photodynamic therapy has emerged as a recognized anti-tumor treatment involving three fundamental elements: photosensitizers, light, and reactive oxygen species. Enhancing the effectiveness of photosensitizers remains the primary avenue for improving the biological therapeutic outcomes of PDT. Through three generations of development, HPPH is a 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl derivative of pyropheophorbide-α, representing a second-generation photosensitizer already undergoing clinical trials for various tumors. The evolution toward third-generation photosensitizers based on HPPH involves structural modifications for multimodal applications and the combination of multifunctional compounds, leading to improved imaging localization and superior anti-tumor effects. While research into third-generation HPPH is beneficial for advancing PDT treatment, equal attention should also be directed toward the other two essential elements and personalized diagnosis and treatment methodologies.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms242417404