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Comparing the performance of Cyperus papyrus and Typha domingensis for the removal of heavy metals, roxithromycin, levofloxacin and pathogenic bacteria from wastewater
Contamination of heavy metals and antibiotics would threaten the water and soil resources. Phytoremediation can be potentially used to remediate metal and antibiotics contaminated sites. The current study was carried out over a period of 12 months to assess the efficiency of the macrophytes Typha do...
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Published in: | Environmental sciences Europe 2023-08, Vol.35 (1), p.61-25, Article 61 |
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Main Author: | |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
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Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Contamination of heavy metals and antibiotics would threaten the water and soil resources. Phytoremediation can be potentially used to remediate metal and antibiotics contaminated sites. The current study was carried out over a period of 12 months to assess the efficiency of the macrophytes
Typha domingensis
and
Cyperus papyrus
with different substrate materials to remove heavy metals and two antibiotics, roxithromycin and levofloxacin
,
from wastewater for reuse in agriculture. The concentrations of seven heavy metals (copper, nickel, iron, cadmium, zinc, lead, and chromium) in water and plant tissues were determined. The results showed that
C. papyrus
had a greater capacity than
T. domingensis
to remove biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (80.69%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (69.87%), and ammonium (NH
4+
) (69.69%).
Cyperus papyrus
was more effective in retaining solid pollutants. The bioaccumulation factors (BCF) roots of
C. papyrus
were higher levels of most metals than those of
T. domingensis
. The highest root–rhizome translocation factor (TF) values of
C. papyrus
were higher than
T. domingensis
. The bacterial indicators (total and fecal coliforms, as well as
Faecal streptococci
) and the potential pathogens (
Escherichia coli
,
Staphylococcus aureus
, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
) showed removal efficiencies ranging between 96.9% and 99.8%. The results indicated that the two systems could significantly reduce the concentration of antibiotics in wastewater, with roxithromycin showing higher elimination rates than levofloxacin. The results showed maximum removal of the heavy metals in constructed wetlands CWs planted with
T. domingensis
. The presence of zeolite and
C. papyrus
in the effluent of CWs significantly improved treatment capacity and increased pollutant removal efficiency. |
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ISSN: | 2190-4715 2190-4715 |
DOI: | 10.1186/s12302-023-00748-x |