The Utilization of an Aloe Vera Rind By-Product: Deep Eutectic Solvents as Eco-Friendly and Recyclable Extraction Media of Polyphenolic Compounds

In this study, an optimized environmentally friendly procedure was employed to enhance the sustainable utilization of phenolic antioxidants derived from aloe vera rind by-products. The procedure involved the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in combination with deep eutectic solven...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antioxidants 2024-01, Vol.13 (2), p.162
Main Authors: Ioannou, Georgia D, Ioannou, Katerina A, Christou, Atalanti, Stavrou, Ioannis J, Kapnissi-Christodoulou, Constantina P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aloe Barbadensis Miller
aloe vera rind
Amino acids
Antioxidants
Backup software
By products
Byproducts
Citric acid
deep eutectic solvents (DESs)
Glycerol
Green market
green metrics
Hydrogen bonds
Laxatives
Leaves
Optimization
Phenolic compounds
Phytochemicals
Polyphenols
Reagents
response surface methodology (RSM)
Solvents
Sustainable development
Ultrasonic imaging
ultrasound-assisted extraction
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Summary:In this study, an optimized environmentally friendly procedure was employed to enhance the sustainable utilization of phenolic antioxidants derived from aloe vera rind by-products. The procedure involved the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in combination with deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Eleven different DESs and three conventional solvents were employed as extraction media for polyphenolic compounds. Choline chloride-citric acid (ChCl-CA) was selected as the most suitable extractant, considering its extraction efficiency in relation to the total phenolic content. The operating conditions of UAE were optimized and modeled by the use of response surface methodology in order to maximize the yield of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity. The optimal operational parameters for the UAE procedure were determined to be 16.5 min, 74% ( / ) DES in water, and a solvent-to-solid ratio equal to 192. HPLC analysis, which was performed on the optimum extract, revealed significant levels of phenolics present in the aloe rind. Efficient recovery of the extracted antioxidants was obtained by the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and polyamide cartridges. The ChCl-CA DES exhibited excellent recycling capability with a yield of over 90% through SPE. Finally, the greenness of the method was evaluated using the green AGREE and AGREEprep metrics. The results highlighted the sustainability and the greenness of the proposed extraction procedure for the aloe by-product.
ISSN:2076-3921
2076-3921
DOI:10.3390/antiox13020162