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Influence of the Magnetization of Thermally Expandable Particles on the Thermal and Debonding Properties of Bonding Joints
This study addresses the challenge of recycling adhesive bonds, as their disassembly is irreversible and damages the substrates. It explores the use of thermally expandable particles (TEPs), which, when heated, expand and weaken the bond. The magnetization of TEPs allows us to control their distribu...
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| Published in: | Inorganics 2024-05, Vol.12 (5), p.129 |
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| Language: | English |
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| container_issue | 5 |
| container_start_page | 129 |
| container_title | Inorganics |
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| creator | Abenojar, Juana López de Armentia, Sara del Real, Juan-Carlos Martínez, Miguel-Angel |
| description | This study addresses the challenge of recycling adhesive bonds, as their disassembly is irreversible and damages the substrates. It explores the use of thermally expandable particles (TEPs), which, when heated, expand and weaken the bond. The magnetization of TEPs allows us to control their distribution using a magnetic field. The work aims to obtain magnetized TEPs, study their influence on resin curing, mechanical performance, and durability, test their mobility in graded bonds, and analyze the temperature-induced debonding process. TEPs are characterized using various techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the impact of 25 wt.% TEPs on epoxy resin curing is examined using the Kamal model. Adhesion and disassembly assessments were conducted through tensile shear tests using single-lap-joint specimens, while the bond durability was determined via wedge testing. It was found that magnetization reduces the debonding time, though it decreases shear strength while increasing bond durability. The crack formation energy is higher with magnetic TEPs, and total crack length is lower in long-term wedge tests. Once debonded, the substrates are sanded and reused as raw material. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/inorganics12050129 |
| format | article |
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It explores the use of thermally expandable particles (TEPs), which, when heated, expand and weaken the bond. The magnetization of TEPs allows us to control their distribution using a magnetic field. The work aims to obtain magnetized TEPs, study their influence on resin curing, mechanical performance, and durability, test their mobility in graded bonds, and analyze the temperature-induced debonding process. TEPs are characterized using various techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the impact of 25 wt.% TEPs on epoxy resin curing is examined using the Kamal model. Adhesion and disassembly assessments were conducted through tensile shear tests using single-lap-joint specimens, while the bond durability was determined via wedge testing. It was found that magnetization reduces the debonding time, though it decreases shear strength while increasing bond durability. The crack formation energy is higher with magnetic TEPs, and total crack length is lower in long-term wedge tests. Once debonded, the substrates are sanded and reused as raw material.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2304-6740</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2304-6740</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/inorganics12050129</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adhesive bonding ; adhesive joints ; Analysis ; Automobile industry ; Bond strength ; Bonded joints ; Chemical bonds ; Composite materials ; Corrosion ; Curing ; Debonding ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Dismantling ; Durability ; Emission standards ; Emissions ; Energy efficiency ; Epoxy resins ; Free energy ; GDP ; Gross Domestic Product ; Heat of formation ; Identification and classification ; Investigations ; Magnetic properties ; magnetic thermally expandable particles ; Magnetization ; Mechanical properties ; Microspheres ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Raw materials ; Recycling ; Sanding ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Shear strength ; Shear tests ; Substrates ; Temperature ; thermally expandable particles ; Trends ; Vehicles ; wedge test ; Wedge tests</subject><ispartof>Inorganics, 2024-05, Vol.12 (5), p.129</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Once debonded, the substrates are sanded and reused as raw material.</description><subject>Adhesive bonding</subject><subject>adhesive joints</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Automobile industry</subject><subject>Bond strength</subject><subject>Bonded joints</subject><subject>Chemical bonds</subject><subject>Composite materials</subject><subject>Corrosion</subject><subject>Curing</subject><subject>Debonding</subject><subject>Differential scanning calorimetry</subject><subject>Dismantling</subject><subject>Durability</subject><subject>Emission standards</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Energy efficiency</subject><subject>Epoxy resins</subject><subject>Free energy</subject><subject>GDP</subject><subject>Gross Domestic Product</subject><subject>Heat of formation</subject><subject>Identification and classification</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Magnetic properties</subject><subject>magnetic thermally expandable particles</subject><subject>Magnetization</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Microspheres</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Recycling</subject><subject>Sanding</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Shear strength</subject><subject>Shear tests</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>thermally expandable particles</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Vehicles</subject><subject>wedge test</subject><subject>Wedge tests</subject><issn>2304-6740</issn><issn>2304-6740</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkk1vEzEQhi0EElXoH-BkiXOKvePNro-llBJURA_lbM3a49TRxg72RqL99XhJxIfAlsb2q2dejUfD2GspLgC0eBtiyhuMwRbZiFbIRj9jZw0ItVx1Sjz_4_6SnZeyFXVpCT30Z-xpHf14oGiJJ8-nB-KfcRNpCk84hRRn8f6B8g7H8ZFff99jdDiMxO8wT8GOVHiF5rQTxSvA39OQogtxw-9y2lMlZ87zdyf1UwpxKq_YC49jofPTuWBfP1zfX31c3n65WV9d3i4tAExLBUSDVJac9MOADfZ2QCHBSWq6vvfQSbsC5RxIV4O1rRi00kJ5JFppBwu2Pvq6hFuzz2GH-dEkDOanUHtnTp8xWknlNLWdbwdlrULve1KivntXa5i93hy99jl9O1CZzDYdcqzlGxCtrs1vNfymNlhNQ_Rpymh3oVhz2ekWavNrXLCL_1B1O9oFmyL5UPW_Eppjgs2plEz-12ekMPMkmH8nAX4AWo2p-g</recordid><startdate>20240501</startdate><enddate>20240501</enddate><creator>Abenojar, Juana</creator><creator>López de Armentia, Sara</creator><creator>del Real, Juan-Carlos</creator><creator>Martínez, Miguel-Angel</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PADUT</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0406-8710</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-3443</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3248-4532</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240501</creationdate><title>Influence of the Magnetization of Thermally Expandable Particles on the Thermal and Debonding Properties of Bonding Joints</title><author>Abenojar, Juana ; López de Armentia, Sara ; del Real, Juan-Carlos ; Martínez, Miguel-Angel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c333t-43eeb14ced1fbba2a8cba013d1e2788f371c634dd31ddd3cc50b94904faee69d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adhesive bonding</topic><topic>adhesive joints</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Automobile industry</topic><topic>Bond strength</topic><topic>Bonded joints</topic><topic>Chemical bonds</topic><topic>Composite materials</topic><topic>Corrosion</topic><topic>Curing</topic><topic>Debonding</topic><topic>Differential scanning calorimetry</topic><topic>Dismantling</topic><topic>Durability</topic><topic>Emission standards</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>Energy efficiency</topic><topic>Epoxy resins</topic><topic>Free energy</topic><topic>GDP</topic><topic>Gross Domestic Product</topic><topic>Heat of formation</topic><topic>Identification and classification</topic><topic>Investigations</topic><topic>Magnetic properties</topic><topic>magnetic thermally expandable particles</topic><topic>Magnetization</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Microspheres</topic><topic>NMR</topic><topic>Nuclear magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Raw materials</topic><topic>Recycling</topic><topic>Sanding</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Shear strength</topic><topic>Shear tests</topic><topic>Substrates</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>thermally expandable particles</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Vehicles</topic><topic>wedge test</topic><topic>Wedge tests</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Abenojar, Juana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>López de Armentia, Sara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>del Real, Juan-Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martínez, Miguel-Angel</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest_Research Library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Research Library China</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Inorganics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Abenojar, Juana</au><au>López de Armentia, Sara</au><au>del Real, Juan-Carlos</au><au>Martínez, Miguel-Angel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of the Magnetization of Thermally Expandable Particles on the Thermal and Debonding Properties of Bonding Joints</atitle><jtitle>Inorganics</jtitle><date>2024-05-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>129</spage><pages>129-</pages><issn>2304-6740</issn><eissn>2304-6740</eissn><abstract>This study addresses the challenge of recycling adhesive bonds, as their disassembly is irreversible and damages the substrates. It explores the use of thermally expandable particles (TEPs), which, when heated, expand and weaken the bond. The magnetization of TEPs allows us to control their distribution using a magnetic field. The work aims to obtain magnetized TEPs, study their influence on resin curing, mechanical performance, and durability, test their mobility in graded bonds, and analyze the temperature-induced debonding process. TEPs are characterized using various techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the impact of 25 wt.% TEPs on epoxy resin curing is examined using the Kamal model. Adhesion and disassembly assessments were conducted through tensile shear tests using single-lap-joint specimens, while the bond durability was determined via wedge testing. It was found that magnetization reduces the debonding time, though it decreases shear strength while increasing bond durability. The crack formation energy is higher with magnetic TEPs, and total crack length is lower in long-term wedge tests. Once debonded, the substrates are sanded and reused as raw material.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/inorganics12050129</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0406-8710</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-3443</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3248-4532</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Inorganics, 2024-05, Vol.12 (5), p.129 |
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| source | Publicly Available Content Database |
| subjects | Adhesive bonding adhesive joints Analysis Automobile industry Bond strength Bonded joints Chemical bonds Composite materials Corrosion Curing Debonding Differential scanning calorimetry Dismantling Durability Emission standards Emissions Energy efficiency Epoxy resins Free energy GDP Gross Domestic Product Heat of formation Identification and classification Investigations Magnetic properties magnetic thermally expandable particles Magnetization Mechanical properties Microspheres NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Raw materials Recycling Sanding Scanning electron microscopy Shear strength Shear tests Substrates Temperature thermally expandable particles Trends Vehicles wedge test Wedge tests |
| title | Influence of the Magnetization of Thermally Expandable Particles on the Thermal and Debonding Properties of Bonding Joints |
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