Fermented Antler Improves Endurance during Exercise Performance by Increasing Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Muscle Strength in Mice

• Published in: Applied sciences 2021-06, Vol.11 (12), p.5386
• Main Authors: Jung, Seongeun, Kim, Sung-Hwan, Jeung, Woonhee, Ra, Jehyun, Heo, Keon, Shim, Jae-Jung, Lee, Jung-Lyoul
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alanine; Alanine transaminase; Amino acids; Antlers; Bacteria; Biosynthesis; Creatine; Creatine kinase; Creatinine; Dehydrogenases; Endurance; exercise performance; Fermentation; fermented antler; Fermented food; Fitness equipment; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Gene expression; Growth factors; Herbal medicine; Humidity; Insulin; Insulin-like growth factor I; Insulin-like growth factors; Kinases; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactic acid; Lactic acid bacteria; Medical research; Microbiota; Mitochondria; mitochondrial biogenesis; Morphology; Muscle strength; Muscular fatigue; Myotubes; Protein biosynthesis; Protein synthesis; Proteins; Signal transduction; Treadmills
• ISSN: 2076-3417; 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app11125386

In this study, we investigated whether antler fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increases mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle strength in vitro and in vivo. LAB from a strain library were grown in antler extract agar at the Yakult Central Research Institute of Korea. Isolated LAB, named Lactobacillus curvatus HY7602, were used to ferment antlers. Analysis of the effects of fermented antler (FA) revealed that it enhanced the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), signaling pathway and mitochondrial metabolic activity in mouse skeletal myotube (C2C12) cells. Next, we evaluated the effect of non-fermented antler (NFA) and FA on exercise performance in C57BL/6J mice. The results showed that HY7602-FA increased treadmill exercise capacity and forced swimming endurance. Furthermore, blood markers associated with muscle fatigue, endurance, and energy supply (e.g., alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, creatine kinase, and lactate) in the FA-intake group were lower than in the NFA-intake group. In addition, the expression index of genes associated with muscle protein synthesis, and with mitochondrial energy production and supply, in muscle tissue was remarkably higher in the FA group than in the control and NFA groups. Taken together, these results suggested that HY7602-FA may be an effective functional food and health supplement.