A statistically established reference value determined for the Vaxarray Coronavirus (CoV) seroassay to characterize vaccination and natural infection

• Published in: BMC infectious diseases 2024-11, Vol.24 (1), p.1308-11, Article 1308
• Main Authors: Porras, Francisco Mimica, Pineda, Gabriel, Mangilog, Abigail, Hernandez, Keith, Sikorski, Cynthia, Lane, Michelle
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Age composition; Amino acids; Analysis; Antibodies; Antibodies, Viral - blood; Antigens; Chronology; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - blood; COVID-19 - diagnosis; COVID-19 - immunology; COVID-19 Serological Testing - methods; COVID-19 Serological Testing - standards; COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology; Cutoff; Female; Humans; Humidity; Immune response; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin G - blood; Infections; Male; Manufacturers; Medical care; Middle Aged; Military Personnel; Naval vessels; Nucleocapsid protein; Pandemics; Probability distribution; Proteins; Reagents; Reference value; Reference Values; SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2 - immunology; Serodiagnosis; Serology; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology; Spike protein; Statistical analysis; Student t- distribution; Testing; Utilization; Vaccination; Vaccines; Vaxarray Coronavirus (CoV) seroassay; Viral diseases; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1471-2334; 1471-2334
• DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10117-5

Serological diagnostic tests are available that measure antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 antigens. We utilized the Vaxarray Coronavirus (CoV) seroassay, which measures SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies against the full-length spike protein (FLS), receptor binding domain (RBD), and S2 extracellular domain (ECD). Previous serological studies have used reference values that have not been validated and require many samples. Here, we show statistically established reference values determined using the upper tail of the Student t-distribution method. The target population was any personnel age 18 years and older working on a U.S. Navy ship, and vaccinated with Wuhan variant. The relative fluorescence mean (RFM) reference values for the full-length spike protein, RBD, and S2 ECD were 17,731, 13,990 and 9096, respectively. By using generalized non-parametric regression and reference values for the RBD spike protein and S2 ECD of SARS-CoV-2, this study was able to distinguish vaccine-mediated immune responses from natural infections. We provide the method and statistical code as a resource to determine future reference values for other serological assays.