Characterization of Extractable and Non-Extractable Phenols and Betalains in Berrycactus ( Myrtillocactus geometrizans ) and Its Chemoprotective Effect in Early Stage of Colon Cancer In Vivo

• Published in: Antioxidants 2024-09, Vol.13 (9), p.1112
• Main Authors: Godínez-Santillán, Rosa Iris, Kuri-García, Aarón, Ramírez-Pérez, Iza Fernanda, Herrera-Hernández, María Guadalupe, Ahumada-Solórzano, Santiaga Marisela, Guzmán-Maldonado, Salvador Horacio, Vergara-Castañeda, Haydé Azeneth
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: aberrant crypt foci; Antioxidants; berrycactus; Bioactive compounds; Butyric acid; Cancer; Carcinogenesis; Chemical bonds; Chromatography; Colon cancer; Colorectal cancer; Diet; Dietary fiber; Enzymes; extractable and non-extractable polyphenols; Fatty acids; Flavonoids; Hydrolysates; Metabolites; Methylene blue; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Polyphenols; Prevention; short-chain fatty acids; Small intestine; Sulfuric acid; β-glucuronidase
• ISSN: 2076-3921; 2076-3921
• DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091112

This research identified the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of the extractable (EP) and non-extractable (NEP) polyphenol fractions of berrycactus (BC). Additionally, the effects of BC and its residue (BCR) on preventing AOM/DSS-induced early colon carcinogenesis were evaluated in vivo. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 12/group): healthy control (C), AOM/DSS, BC, BCR, BC+AOM/DSS, and BCR+AOM/DSS. NEP was obtained through acid hydrolysis using H SO and HCl (1 M or 4 M). The HCl-NEP fraction exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content, while condensed tannins were more abundant in the H SO -NEP fraction. A total of 33 polyphenols were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MSE in both EP and NEP, some of which were novel to BC. Both NEP hydrolysates demonstrated significant total antioxidant capacity (TEAC), with HCl-NEP exhibiting the highest ORAC values. The BC+AOM/DSS and BCR+AOM/DSS groups exhibited fewer aberrant crypt foci ( < 0.05), reduced colonic epithelial injury, and presented lower fecal β-glucuronidase activity, when compared to AOM/DSS group. No differences in butyric acid concentrations were observed between groups. This study presents novel bioactive compounds in EP and NEP from BC that contribute to chemopreventive effects in early colon carcinogenesis, while reducing fecal β-glucuronidase activity and preserving colonic mucosal integrity.